Chapter 1 key terms

Question 1

What are the key properties of a solid?

Answer 1

rigid and possesses a definite shape

Question 2

What are the key properties of a liquid?

Answer 2

flows and takes the shape of its container

Question 3

What are the key properties of a gas?

Answer 3

takes both the shape and volume of its container

Question 4

What is plasma?

Answer 4

A gaseous state of matter that contains an appreciable amount of electricity that is found in certain high-temp environments

Question 5

What is a substance?

Answer 5

has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

Question 6

What are the two types of substances?

Answer 6

elements and compounds

Question 7

What is an element?

Answer 7

its a substance which can not be decomposed into simpler substances

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

its a substance which can be decomposed to simpler substances because it is made up of more than one element

Question 9

What are the building blocks of matter?

Answer 9

atoms

Question 10

What is the composition of an element?

Answer 10

each element is made of a unique kind of atom, but can be made of more than one element of that kind

Question 11

What is the composition of a compound?

Answer 11

a compound is made of atoms from two or more different elements

Question 12

What is the law of constant composition/the law of definite proportions?

Answer 12

compounds have a definite composition, meaning the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound is the same in every sample

Question 13

What are the properties of mixtures?

Answer 13

mixtures exhibit the properties of the substances that make them and can be heterogeneous of homogeneous

Question 14

What does heterogeneous mean?

Answer 14

a mixture that varies in composition throughout a sample

Question 15

What does homogeneous mean?

Answer 15

a mixture that has the same composition throughout the sample

Question 16

What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 16

A solution

Question 17

What are the 4 classifications of matter

Answer 17

Homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, element, compound

Question 18

What are physical properties?

Answer 18

properties that can be observes without changing a substance into another substance

Question 19

What are common examples of physical properties?

Answer 19

color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness

Question 20

What are chemical properties?

Answer 20

can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

Question 21

What are common examples of chemical properties?

Answer 21

flammability, toxicity, enthalpy of formation

Question 22

What are intensive properties and why are they important?

Answer 22

they are properties independent of the amount of the substance that is present and they are important for identifying a substance

Question 23

What are common examples of intensive properties?

Answer 23

density, boiling point, color, temperature

Question 24

What are extensive properties?

Answer 24

properties dependent on the amount of substance present

Question 25

What are common examples of extensive properties?

Answer 25

mass, volume, mass, energy, size

Question 26

What is a chemical change?

Answer 26

A chemical reaction forms new products

Question 27

What are examples of chemical reactions?

Answer 27

combustion, rotting, rusting, digestion

Question 28

What are physical changes?

Answer 28

matter changes form but not chemical identity

Question 29

What are examples of physical changes?

Answer 29

melting, shredding, boiling, chopping

Question 30

What is energy?

Answer 30

the capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 31

What is work?

Answer 31

The energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes a displacement of that object

Question 32

What is heat?

Answer 32

the energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase

Question 33

What is force?

Answer 33

any push or pull on an object

Question 34

What are the two fundamental forms of energy?

Answer 34

kinetic energy and potential energy

Question 35

What is kinetic energy and what does it depend on?

Answer 35

the energy of motion and its magnitude depends on the object's mass and velocity

Question 36

What is the kinetic energy equation?

Answer 36

KE=1/2mv^2

Question 37

What is the freezing point and boiling point of water in degrees C?

Answer 37

freezing point-0 boiling point-100

Question 38

Are there negative Kelvin temperatures?(what is the lowest possible temp in Kelvin)

Answer 38

No negative Kelvin temps(lowest is called absolute zero which is 0 K)

Question 39

What is precision?

Answer 39

a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another

Question 40

What is accuracy?

Answer 40

how closely individual measurements agree with the correct or "true" value

Question 41

Sig figs in addition or subtraction?

Answer 41

rounded to the least significant(lowest) decimal point

Question 42

Sig figs when multiplying?

Answer 42

rounded to the same number of digits as the measurement with the fewest number of sig figs