Chapter 1: Kinematics

Question 1

The ____________ or _____________ system (foot-pound-second or FPS) is used commonly in the US but virtually nowhere else - not even in Britain.

Answer 1

• British system
• Imperial system

Question 2

The most common system of units is the ____________ system. It may be given in meters, kilograms, and seconds (MKS) or centimeters, grams, and seconds (CGS).

Answer 2

Metric system

Question 3

_______________ are standard units around which the system itself is designed. _______________ are units created by associating base units with each other.

Answer 3

• Base units
• Derived units

Question 4

___________ are numbers that have magnitude and direction. Its quantities include displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force.

Answer 4

Vectors

Question 5

___________ are numbers that have magnitude only and no direction. Its quantities include distance, speed, energy, pressure, and mass.

Answer 5

Scalars

Question 6

The sum or difference of two or more vectors is called the _____________ of the vectors.

Answer 6

Resultant

Question 7

One way to find the sum or resultant of two vectors A and B is to place the tail of B at the tip of A without changing either the length or the direction of either arrow. This is referred to as ________________ method.

Answer 7

Tip-to-tail method

Question 8

When multiplying vectors by other vectors, once we have the magnitude, we use the _____________ rule to determine its direction.

Answer 8

Right-hand rule

Question 9

An object in motion may experience a change in its position in space, known as _____________ (____ or ____)

Answer 9

Displacement (x or d)

Question 10

_____________ (d) traveled is considered the pathway taken and is a scalar quantity.

Answer 10

Distance

Question 11

____________ (____)’s magnitude is measured as the rate of change of displacement in a given unit of time, and its SI units are meters per second.

Answer 11

Velocity (v)

Question 12

__________(____) is the rate of actual distance traveled in a given unit of time.

Answer 12

Speed (v)

Question 13

The __________________ of an object will always be qual to the magnitude of the object’s instantaneous velocity, which is a measure of the average velocity as the change in time approaches 0.

Answer 13

Instantaneous speed

Question 14

__________ (____) is a vector quantity that is experienced as pushing or pulling on objects.

Answer 14

Force (F)

Question 15

___________ is an attractive force that is felt by all forms of matter. We usually think of it as acting on us to keep us from floating off of the Earth’s surface, or for holding the planets of our solar system in orbit.

Answer 15

Gravity

Question 16

____________ is a type of force that opposes the movement of objects.

Answer 16

Friction

Question 17

______________ exists between a stationary object and the surface upon which it rests.

Answer 17

Static friction

Question 18

The _______________ of static friction is a unites quantity that is dependent on the two materials in contact.

Answer 18

Coefficient of static friction

Question 19

The ______________ is the component of the force between two objects in contact that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between the object and the surface upon which it rests.

Answer 19

Normal force

Question 20

______________ exists between a sliding object and the surface over which the object slides.

Answer 20

Kinetic friction

Question 21

Any time two surfaces slide against each other, _____________ will be present and its magnitude can be measured.

Answer 21

Kinetic friction

Question 22

The maximum value for __________ friction will always be greater than the constant value for ___________ friction: objects will “stick” until they start moving, and then will slide more easily over one another.

Answer 22

• Static friction
• Kinetic friction

Question 23

___________ (_____) is a measure a body’s inertia - the amount of matter in the object. It is a scalar quantity that has magnitude only. The SI unit is the kilogram, which is independent of gravity.

Answer 23

Mass (m)

Question 24

___________ (____) is a measure of gravitational force (usually that of the Earth) on an object’s mass. Because it is a force, it is a vector quantity with units in newtons (N)

Answer 24

Weight (Fg)

Question 25

The weight of an object can be thought of as being applied at a single point in that object called the ________________ or ___________.

Answer 25

- Center of mass - Gravity

Question 26

________________ (____) is the rate of change of velocity that an object experiences as a result of some applied force.

Answer 26

Acceleration (a)

Question 27

Acceleration in the direction opposite the initial velocity may be called ______________.

Answer 27

Deceleration

Question 28

____________________ is defined as the average acceleration as the change in time approaches 0.

Answer 28

Instantaneous acceleration

Question 29

Newton's __________ law: - A body either at rest or in motion with constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts upon it.

Answer 29

First Law

Question 30

Newton's __________ law: - A body either at rest or in motion with constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts upon it. This is also known as the law of __________.

Answer 30

Inertia

Question 31

Newton's __________ law: - An object of mass m will accelerate when the vector sum of the forces results in some nonzero resultant force vector.

Answer 31

Second Law

Question 32

Newton's __________ law: - To every action, there is always an opposed but equal reaction.

Answer 32

Third Law

Question 33

In _______________, the object's velocity and acceleration are along the line of motion, so the pathway of the moving object continues along a straight line.

Answer 33

Linear motion

Question 34

_______________ is motion that follows a path along 2 dimensions. The velocities and accelerations in the 2 directions (usually horizontal and vertical) are independent of each other and must, accordingly, be analyzed separately.

Answer 34

Projectile motion

Question 35

______________ occurs when forces cause an object to move in circular pathway.Upon completion of one cycle, the displacement of the object is 0.

Answer 35

Circular motion

Question 36

In __________________ motion, the instantaneous velocity vector is always tangent the circular path.

Answer 36

Uniform circular motion

Question 37

The object moving in the circular path has a tendency (inertia) to break out of its circular pathway and move in a linear direction along the tangent. It is kept from doing so by a ________________, which always points radially inward.

Answer 37

Centripetal force

Question 38

The study of forces and torques is called ____________.

Answer 38

Dynamics

Question 39

_________________ occurs when forces cause an object to move without any rotation.

Answer 39

Translational motion

Question 40

____________________ exists only when the vector sum of all of the forces acting on an object is zero.

Answer 40

Translational equilibrium

Question 41

________________ occurs when forces are applied against an object in such a way as to cause the object to rotate around a fixed pivot point, also known as the fulcrum.

Answer 41

Rotational motion

Question 42

Application of force at some distance from the fulcrum generates _____________ or the _________________.

Answer 42

- Torque - Moment of force

Question 43

The distance between the applied force and the fulcrum is termed the _____________.

Answer 43

Lever arm

Question 44

Torque is greatest when the force applied is ________ degrees (________________) to the lever arm

Answer 44

- 90 degrees - Perpendicular

Question 45

_________________ exists only when the vector sum of all the forces acting on an object is zero. This is called the first condition of equilibrium, and it is merely a reiteration of Newton's first law.

Answer 45

Translational equilibrium

Question 46

__________________ exists only when the vector sum of all the torques acting on an object is zero. This is called the second condition of equilibrium.

Answer 46

Rotational equilibrium

Question 47

Torques that generate clockwise rotation are considered _____________, while torques that generate counterclockwise rotation are ____________.

Answer 47

- Negative - Positive