Chapter 1 + Lecture 2

Question 1

Paradox

Answer 1

Something that seemingly contradicts itself but can still be true

Question 2

The drug paradox

Answer 2

Illicit substances are viewed as dangerous and unacceptable and licit substances are accepted but licit substances are more damaging to societal functioning and public health

Question 3

How is the drug paradox demonstrated by historic and contemporary policy responses in Canada?

Answer 3

Long history of public health traditions and progressive laws protecting human rights

AND

Punitive and stigmatizing approaches to substance use and users

Question 4

Psychoactive drug

Answer 4

Substances that alter the central nervous system (thoughts, emotions, and behaviour)
AND
Can have an affect on the autonomic nervous system resulting in either balancing or disrupting core biological functions (cardiovascular system, respiratory system, immune system, sleeping and dreaming)

Question 5

Define “drugs”

Answer 5

Any psychoactive substance, licit or illicit, used for the intended or unintended purpose of altering the mind and bodily functions

Question 6

Define drug use

Answer 6

A person may or may not use again

Question 7

Define drug abuse

Answer 7

Judgemental

Can refer to the misuse of a substance

Can include the use of substances for reasons other then the intended purpose

Can refer to the use of any substance not condoned by the broader society

Question 8

Define addiction

Answer 8

Tied to the medical model of addiction

Suggests judgement

Question 9

DSM IV (4) Classification

Answer 9

Drug abuse has its own set of criteria
- to meet criteria must have 1 or more of the 4 criterions

Drug dependency has its own set of criteria
- to meet criteria must have 3 or more of the 7 criterions

Question 10

DSM V (5) Classification

Answer 10

Merged drug abuse and drug dependency to create “drug use disorder”

Mild, moderate, and severe categories based on how many criterions are met

Question 11

Medical/Disease Model of Addiction

Answer 11

Addiction = Disease

Focuses only on biological basis of addiction

Individuals are unable to control their use so the only solution is abstinence

PROBLEM: individual is deemed as having no sense of agency or control

Question 12

The Free Will/Moral Model of Addiction

Answer 12

Substance use and any problems resulting from substance use rest within the individual’s moral agency

The individual is solely responsible for making prosocial or asocial choices regarding substance use

PROBLEM: very individualized and does not take into account sociocultural factors

Question 13

Both the medical/disease model and the free will/ moral model ignore/ underestimate…

Answer 13

sociological influences and the empirically supported biopsychosocial model (more holistic explanation)

Question 14

Alarmist approach to substance use

Answer 14

Fear messaging and negative imagery

Used by government agencies and some educators

Contributes to the perception that substance use is a serious and escalating social problem in need of intervention

Question 15

Normalization approach to substance use

Answer 15

Acknowledges that individuals are active agents capable of making choices

Acknowledges importance of social context

Question 16

The Canadian Students for Sensible Drug Policy and the more historical Le Dain Commission follow what approach?

Answer 16

The normalization approach

They counter attempts to demonize drugs and drug users as deviant

Question 17

The social costs of drugs are far greater for ________ and ________ than all the illicit drugs combined

Answer 17

alcohol; tobacco