Short Answer Questions

Question 1

Define drug dependence

Answer 1

According to the medical/disease model, drug dependence refers to the physical and psychological aspects of substance use.

Use of a psychoactive substance that continues even when significant problems related to their use have developed.

Signs of dependence include but aren’t limited to - tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 2

What is meant by withdrawal when talking about drug dependence?

Answer 2

According to the DSM:

Physical discomfort with the discontinuation of use or the substance (or a similar substance) is used to avoid the pain accompanied by a discontinuation of use

Question 3

What is a biopsychosocial model of drug use and dependence?

Answer 3

Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors contribute to substance use and all must be taken into consideration

Question 4

What are the two forms of accountability in the moral model?

Answer 4

1. To criminalize individuals through use of formal sanctions such as laws, regulations, and punitive punishment
2. Informal social sanctions (disapproval)

Question 5

Define nature/drive theories of drug use and dependence

Answer 5

Everyone has the potential to use and become dependent on psychoactive substance because we are naturally compelled to alter our state of consciousness

So, there is nothing biologically different about those that develop substance dependence issues and those that do not

Question 6

According to the textbook, which psychological theory has led to empirically supported clinical therapies?

Answer 6

Cognitive behavioural theories have led to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Question 7

Define Labelling Theory in one sentence

Answer 7

There is nothing inherently deviant or problematic about substance use or users, it is only problematic because we have defined it as such