Chapter 1: Level Of Organization

Question 1

6 most important life processes of the human body

Answer 1

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

Question 2

Chemical level

Answer 2

Atoms and molecules

Question 3

Cellular level

Answer 3

Molecules combined to form cells. Many different types of cells.

Question 4

Tissue level

Answer 4

Groups of cells and materials surrounding them working together for perform a function.

Question 5

Organ level

Answer 5

Structures composed of 2 or more different types of tissues. Have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes.

Question 6

System level

Answer 6

Consists of related organs with a common function.

Question 7

Organism level

Answer 7

Any living individual

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

The maintenance of a relatively stable condition in the body’s environment

Question 9

3 basic components of a feedback system

Answer 9

Receptor (afferent pathway)
Control centre (efferent pathway)
Effector (produces response)

Question 10

Negative feedback system

Answer 10

Reverses a change in a controlled condition (IE regulation of BP)

Question 11

Positive feedback system

Answer 11

Strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition (IE contractions during labour)

Question 12

Disorder definition

Answer 12

Abnormality of structure or function

Question 13

Disease definition

Answer 13

More specific term for illness characterized by recognizable set of signs and symptoms

Question 14

Symptoms definition

Answer 14

Subjective. Changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer.

Question 15

Signs definition

Answer 15

Objective. Changes that can be observed or measured.

Question 16

Anatomical position

Answer 16

Subject standing erect, facing observer. Head level forward, lower limbs parallel to each other, feet planted. Upper limbs at the side, palms facing forward.

Question 17

Prone position

Answer 17

Laying face down

Question 18

Supine position

Answer 18

Laying face up

Question 19

Superior definition

Answer 19

Toward the head, or upper part of a structure. Not used in reference to relative position to limbs.

Question 20

Inferior definition

Answer 20

Away from the head or lower part of the structure. Not used in reference to position within limbs.

Question 21

Anterior definition

Answer 21

Nearer to or at the front of the body

Question 22

Posterior definition

Answer 22

Nearer to or at the back of the body

Question 23

Medial definition

Answer 23

Nearer to the midline of the body (imaginary line that divides body into equal left and right sides)

Question 24

Lateral definition

Answer 24

Farther from midline

Question 25

Intermediate definition

Answer 25

Between two structures

Question 26

Ipsilateral definition

Answer 26

On the same side of the body as another structure

Question 27

Contralateral definition

Answer 27

Opposite side of the body from another structure

Question 28

Proximal definition

Answer 28

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure

Question 29

Distal definition

Answer 29

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origin of a structure

Question 30

Superficial definition

Answer 30

Toward the surface of the body

Question 31

Deep definition

Answer 31

Away from the surface of the body

Question 32

Coronal plane

Answer 32

Separates the body or organ into anterior and posterior aspects.

Question 33

Sagittal plane

Answer 33

Divides organ into left and right sides. Defined as median plane or midsagittal plane when equal on right and left sides.

Question 34

Median plane

Answer 34

Also known as midsagittal plane. Divides body or organ into equal left and right sides.

Question 35

Paramedian plane

Answer 35

Also known as parasagittal plane. Divides body into unequal left or right sides.

Question 36

Transverse plane

Answer 36

Divides body or organ into superior and inferior portions. Also known as cross-sectional or horizontal plane.

Question 37

Oblique plane

Answer 37

Passes through body or organ at any angle other than a 90 degree angle.

Question 38

Body cavities

Answer 38

Cranial Vertebral Thoracic (pericardial, pleural, and mediastinum) Abdominopevic (abdominal and pelvic)

Question 39

Viscera

Answer 39

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 40

Parts of serous membranes

Answer 40

Parietal (lines the walls of cavities) Visceral (covers and adheres to the viscera within cavities)

Question 41

Cranial cavity

Answer 41

Formed by cranial bones. Contains brain

Question 42

Vertebral cavity

Answer 42

Formed by vertebral column. Contains spinal cord and start of spinal nerves.

Question 43

Thoracic (pleural) cavity contents

Answer 43

Potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds lungs.

Question 44

Thoracic (pericardial) cavity contents

Answer 44

Potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart.

Question 45

Thoracic (mediastinum) cavity contents

Answer 45

Central portion between the lungs. Extends from sternum to vertebral column from first rib to diaphragm. Contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

Question 46

Abdominopelvic (abdominal) cavity

Answer 46

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

Question 47

Abdominopelvic (pelvic) cavity

Answer 47

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, internal organs of reproduction

Question 48

Abdominopelvic regions

Answer 48

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac Right lateral, umbilical, left lateral Right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal