Chapter 1 - Material Science Overview

Question 1

Property classifications of materials (6)

Answer 1

1. mechanical
2. electrical
3. thermal
4. magnetic
5. optical
6. deteriorative

Question 2

mechanical properties

Answer 2

relate deformation to an applied load or force. ex: elastic modulus (stiffness), strength, toughness

Question 3

electrical properties

Answer 3

stimulus is an electric field. ex: electrical conductivity, dielectric constant

Question 4

thermal properties

Answer 4

stimulus is change of temperature ex: heat capacity, thermal conductivity

Question 5

magnetic properties

Answer 5

demonstrate the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field

Question 6

optical properties

Answer 6

stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation ex: index of refraction, reflectivity

Question 7

deteriorative properties

Answer 7

relate to the chemical reactivity of materials

Question 8

Components involved in the design, production and utilization of materials (4)

Answer 8

processing, structure, properties, performance

Question 9

Criteria in the material selection process (3)

Answer 9

1. In service conditions
2. deterioration of material properties
3. economics

Question 10

processing

Answer 10

how a material is made - the structure depends on this

Question 11

performance

Answer 11

function of the processing

Question 12

Classification of solid materials (3)

Answer 12

metals, ceramics, polymers

Question 13

metals (definition)

Answer 13

composed of one or more metallic elements and often also nonmetallic elements in relatively small amounts

Question 14

metals (structural characteristics)

Answer 14

arranged in a very orderly manner, and relatively dense

Question 15

metals (mechanical characteristics)

Answer 15

relatively stiff and strong, yet ductile and resistant to fracture, good conductors, some magnetic properties

Question 16

ceramics (definition)

Answer 16

compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements. ex: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, porcelain, cement, glass

Question 17

ceramics (mechanical characteristics)

Answer 17

relatively stiff and strong, lack of ductility, highly susceptible to fracture, insulate heat and electricity, heat resistant

Question 18

polymers (definition)

Answer 18

plastic and rubber materials

Question 19

polymers (structural characteristics)

Answer 19

organic compounds, large molecular structures, often chainlike in nature, backbone of carbon atoms (frequently)

Question 20

polymers (mechanical characteristics)

Answer 20

low densities, not as stiff or strong as metallic or ceramic materials, ductile, pliable, inert chemically, tendency to soften and/or decompose at modest temperatures, low electrical conductivities, nonmagnetic, optically translucent or transparent

Question 21

composite

Answer 21

composed of two or more individual materials ex: bone, wood, fiberglass, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)

Question 22

Advanced materials (4)

Answer 22

semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, nanomaterials

Question 23

semiconductors

Answer 23

intermediate electrical properties, but extremely sensitive to minute concentrations of impurity atoms

Question 24

biomaterials

Answer 24

employed in components implanted into the human body, must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues

Question 25

smart materials

Answer 25

able to sense changes in their environment and respond to these changes in a predetermined manner

Question 26

smart materials (components)

Answer 26

sensor, acutuator (performs a responsive and adaptive function)

Question 27

nanomaterials

Answer 27

May be any one of the four basic types, not distinguished by chemical makeup, but by size (less than 100 nanometers).

Question 28

nanotechnology

Answer 28

the ability to arrange atoms from the bottom to the top to create desired materials and properties

Question 29

materials science tetrahedron

Answer 29

Structure, Processing, Properties, Performance