Chapter 1 Matter And Energy

Question 0

Mass

Answer 0

Defines the quantity of matter in an object

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Everything in the universe that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

Capacity to do work

Question 3

Chemistry

Answer 3

Study of composition, structure and properties of matter and energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes change

Question 4

What are the two categories for matter?

Answer 4

Pure substance and mixture

Question 5

Pure substance

Answer 5

Constant composition that does not vary from one sample to another, cannot be broken down by a physical process

Question 6

Example of pure substance

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Physical process

Answer 7

Transformation of sample matter, change in physical state, does not alter chemical identity

Question 8

Mixture

Answer 8

Matter composed of two or more substance that can be separated by a physical process

Question 9

Homogenous mixture

Answer 9

Substances making up a mixture are distributed uniformly

Question 10

Homogenous mixture example

Answer 10

Coffee

Question 11

Solution

Answer 11

Name for homogenous mixture, often liquids, but may be solids or gases

Question 12

Heterogenous mixture

Answer 12

Not distributed uniformly

Question 13

Example of heterogenous

Answer 13

Olive oil and water

Question 14

Element

Answer 14

Pure substance that can not be broken down into smaller substances

Question 15

Compound

Answer 15

Consists of 2 or more elements a and can be separated by a chemical reaction

Question 16

Chemical reaction

Answer 16

Transformation of one or more substances into another substance

Question 17

do compounds usually have different properties than their elements?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Example

Answer 18

Table salt = sodium chloride, both hazardous in pure form

Question 19

Law of constant composition

Answer 19

Every sample of a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions

Question 20

Atom

Answer 20

Smallest particle of an element that still has the properties

Question 21

Molecule

Answer 21

Two or more atoms chemically bonded in a patter and proportion

Question 22

Chemical formula

Answer 22

Represents elements and compounds, consists of symbols of the elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of the element

Question 23

Chemical equation

Answer 23

Chemical formula shows the identities and and amount of substances involved in a chemical reaction

Question 24

What do chemical equations not show?

Answer 24

How the atoms are connected

Question 25

What shows atomic connections and shaped

Answer 25

Structural formulas and molecular models

Question 26

Chemical bond

Answer 26

Energy that holds 2 atoms together

Question 27

Structural bond

Answer 27

Shows atoms and bonds between them

Question 28

Ball and stick models

Answer 28

Spheres are he atoms and sticks are the bonds and it shows the correct bonds

Question 29

Disadvantas of ball and stick

Answer 29

Not always to scale | Farther apart than real molecule

Question 30

Space filling models

Answer 30

Spheres are to scale and are spaced accordingly to real molecule

Question 31

Disadvantage to space filling

Answer 31

Bond angles are hard to see

Question 32

Filtration

Answer 32

Separating particles suspended in liquid or gas from the liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

Question 33

Layer chromatography(tlc)

Answer 33

Can separate pigments dissolved in a solution

Question 34

Distillation

Answer 34

Separation which more easily vaporized components of a mixture are vaporized

Question 35

Intensive properties

Answer 35

Property independent of the amount of a substance

Question 36

Examples of intensive

Answer 36

Color density smell melting point

Question 37

Extensive property

Answer 37

Properties matter with quantity

Question 38

Examples of extensive

Answer 38

Volume and mass

Question 39

Physical properties

Answer 39

Properties that can be observed or measured without changing substance

Question 40

Examples of physical properties

Answer 40

Luster, hardness, color

Question 41

Free elements

Answer 41

Elements found in nature

Question 42

Chemical property

Answer 42

Property of a substance only observed by a chemical reaction

Question 43

Examples of chemical property

Answer 43

Flammability

Question 44

Solid

Answer 44

Definite shape and volume

Question 45

Liquid

Answer 45

Definite volume

Question 46

Gas

Answer 46

Expands to occupy volume and shape

Question 47

Sublimation

Answer 47

Solid to a gas

Question 48

Deposition

Answer 48

Gas to a solid

Question 49

Scientific method

Answer 49

Acquiring knowledge based on observations of phenomena, development of hypothesis and experiments to test the hypothesis

Question 50

Hypothesis

Answer 50

Explanation for an observation

Question 51

Scientific theory model

Answer 51

Explanation of widely observed phenomena that's texted and validated

Question 52

Is there a limit to how accurate a measurement can be?

Answer 52

No

Question 53

Greater number of sig figs equals

Answer 53

Greater certainty of the value

Question 54

Where is there uncertainty in a sig fig

Answer 54

Right most digit

Question 55

Weak link principle

Answer 55

We only know the answer as well as we know the least well known value

Question 56

Multiplication/ division of sig figs

Answer 56

Weak link has fewest sig figs

Question 57

If the last digit in a sig fig is greater than 5

Answer 57

Round up

Question 58

If the right most digit in a dig fig is less than 5

Answer 58

Round down

Question 59

If the right most digit in a sig fig is 5

Answer 59

If it's nonzero to the right round up | If there is no nonzero round to the nearest even number

Question 60

Precision

Answer 60

How repeatable a measurement is

Question 61

Accuracy

Answer 61

Reflects how close a measured value is to a true value

Question 62

Conversion factors

Answer 62

Different units, same quantities

Question 63

The Big Bang theory

Answer 63

The universe is expanding and cooling

Question 64

Conversion for Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 64

5/9(f-32)

Question 65

Coldest temperate

Answer 65

Absolute zero which is on the Kelvin scale

Question 66

Conversion of Celsius to kelvin

Answer 66

K=c+273.15

Question 67

Robert dicke

Answer 67

Wanted to invent an antenna I detect microwave energy from space

Question 68

Us creates the echo and Telstar

Answer 68

They were communication satellites that were reflective and bounced microwave signals to earth

Question 69

Antenna receivers by bell laboratories

Answer 69

The antenna didn't work and picked up other signals

Question 70

What did the bell laboratories discover?

Answer 70

Cosmic microwave background radiation in the universe

Question 71

Cosmic background explorer

Answer 71

Launched and found heterogeneity and supports Big Bang theory

Question 72

Seed clusters

Answer 72

Blobs and ripples in images from satellites indicate clusters of stars and planets formed early in the universe, theory no evidence