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Chem 107 > Chapter 1 Matter And Energy > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Matter And Energy Flashcards

0
Q

Mass

A

Defines the quantity of matter in an object

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1
Q

Matter

A

Everything in the universe that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

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3
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of composition, structure and properties of matter and energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes change

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4
Q

What are the two categories for matter?

A

Pure substance and mixture

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5
Q

Pure substance

A

Constant composition that does not vary from one sample to another, cannot be broken down by a physical process

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6
Q

Example of pure substance

A

Water

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7
Q

Physical process

A

Transformation of sample matter, change in physical state, does not alter chemical identity

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8
Q

Mixture

A

Matter composed of two or more substance that can be separated by a physical process

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9
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

Substances making up a mixture are distributed uniformly

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10
Q

Homogenous mixture example

A

Coffee

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11
Q

Solution

A

Name for homogenous mixture, often liquids, but may be solids or gases

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12
Q

Heterogenous mixture

A

Not distributed uniformly

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13
Q

Example of heterogenous

A

Olive oil and water

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14
Q

Element

A

Pure substance that can not be broken down into smaller substances

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15
Q

Compound

A

Consists of 2 or more elements a and can be separated by a chemical reaction

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16
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Transformation of one or more substances into another substance

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17
Q

do compounds usually have different properties than their elements?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Example

A

Table salt = sodium chloride, both hazardous in pure form

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19
Q

Law of constant composition

A

Every sample of a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions

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20
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element that still has the properties

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21
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms chemically bonded in a patter and proportion

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22
Q

Chemical formula

A

Represents elements and compounds, consists of symbols of the elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of the element

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23
Q

Chemical equation

A

Chemical formula shows the identities and and amount of substances involved in a chemical reaction

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24
Q

What do chemical equations not show?

A

How the atoms are connected

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25
Q

What shows atomic connections and shaped

A

Structural formulas and molecular models

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26
Q

Chemical bond

A

Energy that holds 2 atoms together

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27
Q

Structural bond

A

Shows atoms and bonds between them

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28
Q

Ball and stick models

A

Spheres are he atoms and sticks are the bonds and it shows the correct bonds

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29
Q

Disadvantas of ball and stick

A

Not always to scale

Farther apart than real molecule

30
Q

Space filling models

A

Spheres are to scale and are spaced accordingly to real molecule

31
Q

Disadvantage to space filling

A

Bond angles are hard to see

32
Q

Filtration

A

Separating particles suspended in liquid or gas from the liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

33
Q

Layer chromatography(tlc)

A

Can separate pigments dissolved in a solution

34
Q

Distillation

A

Separation which more easily vaporized components of a mixture are vaporized

35
Q

Intensive properties

A

Property independent of the amount of a substance

36
Q

Examples of intensive

A

Color density smell melting point

37
Q

Extensive property

A

Properties matter with quantity

38
Q

Examples of extensive

A

Volume and mass

39
Q

Physical properties

A

Properties that can be observed or measured without changing substance

40
Q

Examples of physical properties

A

Luster, hardness, color

41
Q

Free elements

A

Elements found in nature

42
Q

Chemical property

A

Property of a substance only observed by a chemical reaction

43
Q

Examples of chemical property

A

Flammability

44
Q

Solid

A

Definite shape and volume

45
Q

Liquid

A

Definite volume

46
Q

Gas

A

Expands to occupy volume and shape

47
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to a gas

48
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to a solid

49
Q

Scientific method

A

Acquiring knowledge based on observations of phenomena, development of hypothesis and experiments to test the hypothesis

50
Q

Hypothesis

A

Explanation for an observation

51
Q

Scientific theory model

A

Explanation of widely observed phenomena that’s texted and validated

52
Q

Is there a limit to how accurate a measurement can be?

A

No

53
Q

Greater number of sig figs equals

A

Greater certainty of the value

54
Q

Where is there uncertainty in a sig fig

A

Right most digit

55
Q

Weak link principle

A

We only know the answer as well as we know the least well known value

56
Q

Multiplication/ division of sig figs

A

Weak link has fewest sig figs

57
Q

If the last digit in a sig fig is greater than 5

A

Round up

58
Q

If the right most digit in a dig fig is less than 5

A

Round down

59
Q

If the right most digit in a sig fig is 5

A

If it’s nonzero to the right round up

If there is no nonzero round to the nearest even number

60
Q

Precision

A

How repeatable a measurement is

61
Q

Accuracy

A

Reflects how close a measured value is to a true value

62
Q

Conversion factors

A

Different units, same quantities

63
Q

The Big Bang theory

A

The universe is expanding and cooling

64
Q

Conversion for Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

5/9(f-32)

65
Q

Coldest temperate

A

Absolute zero which is on the Kelvin scale

66
Q

Conversion of Celsius to kelvin

A

K=c+273.15

67
Q

Robert dicke

A

Wanted to invent an antenna I detect microwave energy from space

68
Q

Us creates the echo and Telstar

A

They were communication satellites that were reflective and bounced microwave signals to earth

69
Q

Antenna receivers by bell laboratories

A

The antenna didn’t work and picked up other signals

70
Q

What did the bell laboratories discover?

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation in the universe

71
Q

Cosmic background explorer

A

Launched and found heterogeneity and supports Big Bang theory

72
Q

Seed clusters

A

Blobs and ripples in images from satellites indicate clusters of stars and planets formed early in the universe, theory no evidence

Chem 107 (4 decks)

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