Chapter 1 - Matter, Measurement And Problem Solving Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
- The smallest unit of matter
* The building blocks of matter
A
Atom
2
Q
•Two or more atoms attached by bonds
A
Molecule
3
Q
- Descriptive Observation
* Ex: Soda is a brown liquid with sweet taste.
A
Qualitative
4
Q
- Numerical Observation
* Ex: 240mL of Soda contains 27g of sugar
A
Quantitive
5
Q
“In a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.”
A
Law of Conservation of Mass
6
Q
A process of experimentation used to explore observations and answer questions.
A
Scientific Method
7
Q
- 1st part of Scientific Method
* observations are made that lead to questions
A
Observation
8
Q
- 2nd part of Scientific Method
- An educated guess on a possible explanation
- Testable
- “If…then…”
A
Hypothesis
9
Q
- 3rd part of Scientific Method
* a valid test
A
Experiment
10
Q
An experiment that it is purposely missing the independent variable is the _______.
A
Control Experiment
11
Q
- 4th part of the Scientific Method
* Statistical analysis
A
Analyzing Data
12
Q
When your rejecting or supporting the hypothesis you are forming a _____.
A
Conclusion
13
Q
The difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that _____
A
A theory is largely supported by evidence, while a hypothesis is an educated guess.
14
Q
When a theory gains even more support it tends to become a ____.
A
Law
15
Q
- The Variable being tested
- X-axis
- There is always only ONE per experiment
- Ex: the liquid used to water a plant
A
Independent Variable
16
Q
- The data recorded
- Y-axis
- Ex: The growth of a plant
A
Dependent Variable
17
Q
- The variable that is kept constant
* Ex: The type of plant used
A
Controlled (Constant) Variable
18
Q
Anything that occupies space
A
Matter
19
Q
The physical form in which matter exists
A
State of matter
20
Q
- Definite shape and volume
* Particles are packed tightly
A
Solids
21
Q
- Definite volume
- No definite shape
- Particles move more freely
A
Liquids
22
Q
- No definite shape or volume
- Fast moving particles with no arrangement
- Expands to fill container in which it is placed
A
Gas
23
Q
Matter that is made up of only one type of substance
A
Pure substance
24
Q
Pure substances can be separated into ____ and _____.
A
Elements and Compounds
25
* An _____ is the simplest type of matter because it is made up of only one type of atom
* Ex: Oxygen
Element
26
* A ____ is a pure substance made up of two or more element joined together chemically
* Ex: H2O
Compound
27
Mixtures can be divided into ____ and _____.
Homogenous and Heterogenous
28
* A ____ ____ is one whose composition is the same throughout.
* Ex: Air, Tea
Homogenous Mixture
29
* A ____ ____ is one whose composition is varies throughout
| * Ex: Chicken noodle soup
Heterogenous Mixture
30
* A change in the state of matter
* Identity remains the same
* Ex: freezing water
Physical Change
31
* A change in the chemical identity of a substance
| * Ex: Charcoal burning, rusting
Chemical Change
32
* Solids that have their particles arranged in patterns with long range repeating order
* Ex: Salt, Diamonds
Crystalline Solids
33
* Solids that have their particles randomly distributed without any long range pattern
* Ex: Glass, Plastic
Amorphous Solids
34
The capacity to do work
Energy
35
Changes in matter, both physical and chemical, result in
The matter either gaining or releasing energy
36
The action of a force applied across a distance
Work
37
* The energy of motion
| * Ex: A Box falling
Kinetic Energy
38
* Energy that is stored in matter due to its composition of matter and its position relative to other things
* Ex: A Spring, gasoline, food
Potential Energy
39
Is it possible to convert one form of Energy to another?
Yes
40
Whatever process you do that converts energy from one type to another, the total amount of energy remains the same.
Law of Conservation of Energy
41
Materials that possess ____ potential energy are less stable.
High
42
The Standard Units
1) length:
2) mass:
3) time:
4) temperature:
1) meter (m)
2) kilogram (kg)
3) seconds (s)
4) kelvin (K)
43
Higher temperature =
Higher kinetic Energy
44
Formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit
F = 1.8(C)+32
45
Formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius
C = (F-32)/1.8
46
Formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin
K = C+273.15
| • (Kelvins have no degree signs)
47
Convert 40.00 Celsius into K and F
```
K = 313.15 K
F = 104.00 F
```
48
Formula for Volume
Mass/Density
| • 1 mL/ 1 cm^3
49
How long (in cm) is one inch?
2.54cm
50
* Properties whose value depends on the quantity of matter
| * Mass and Volume
Extensive properties
51
* Properties whose value is independent of the quantity of matter
* Density
Intensive properties
52
Volume of a solid can be determined by water displacement
Archimedes principle
53
Density is: solids > liquids >>> gases, for all substances expect
Water (Ice is less dense than liquid water)
54
What is the density of a brass sample if 100.0g added to a cylinder of water causes the water level to rise from 25.0 mL to 36.9 mL?
8.403 g/mL
55
When reading a water level in a graduated cylinder, you read it at ____
Eye level with the Meniscus
56
* Exact number have an _____ number of significant figures
| * Radius = Diameter/2
Unlimited
57
How many significant figures do these measurements have?
1) 0.04450 m
2) 5.0003 km
3) 10 dm = 1 m
4) 1.000 x 105 s
5) 0.00002 mm
6) 10,000 m
1) 4
2) 5
3) unlimited
4) 4
5) 1
6) ambiguous
58
When multiplying or diving measurements with significant figures, how many significant figures will the result have?
The same number of significant figures as the measurement with the lowest number of significant figures
59
When adding or subtracting measurements, how many decimal places will the result have?
The same as the measurement with the lowest number of decimals
60
Perform the following calculations
1) 1.10 x 0.5120 x 4.0015 : 3.4555
2) 0.355 + 105.1 - 100.5820
3) (14.84 x 0.55) - 8.02
1) 0.652
2) 4.9
3) 0.1
61
An indication of how close a measurement comes to the actual value of the quantity
Accuracy
62
An indication of how close repeated measurements are to each other
Precision
63
Convert 1.76 yd to cm
```
1 m = 1.094 yd
1 m = 100 cm
1.79 yd x 1 m/1.094 yd x 100cm/1m
=160.8775
= 161 cm
```
64
Convert 30.0 mL to quarts
0.0317 qt
65
Convert 2.11 yd^3 to cubic cm
1.61 x 106 cm^3
66
1 meter = ____ yards
1.094
67
1 yard = ____ feet
3
68
1 mile = ____ feet
5280
69
1 km = ____ miles
0.6214
70
1 mL = ____ cm^3
1
71
1 L = ____ dm^3
1
72
1 L = ____ quarts
1.057
73
1 gallon = ____ L
3.785
74
1 kg = ____ lbs
2.205
75
What is 1 km/L in mi/gal?
2.352 mi/gal
75
1) 1 m^2 in cm^2
| 2) 1m^3 in cm^3
1) 100x100= 10 000 cm^2
| 2) 10 000x100 = 1 000 000 cm^3
76
Volume formula for spheres
V = (4/3) x pi x r^3
77
Volume for Cylinders
V = pi x r^2 x l
78
1 foot = ___ inches
12
79
1 yd = ___ inches
36
