Chapter 1 - Measurement, Matter, Energy, Gases Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is a pure substance?
Matter composed of only one type of atom or molecule.
What is a mixture?
Matter composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A type of mixture where the composition is not uniform throughout. This means that the different components can be visibly distinguished and are not evenly distributed.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A type of mixture where the composition is uniform throughout. This means that the different components are evenly distributed and cannot be distinguished from one another.
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
What is a compound?
A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions.
What is a diatomic element?
Molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements.
What is a monatomic element?
Consisting of one atom and lacking any covalent bonds.
Ex: Noble Gases
What is an atom?
A single particle.
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms joined to one another in specific geometric arrangements.
What are the properties of a solid?
*Atoms or molecules pack close to each other in fixed locations, they don’t move around each other.
*Solids have a definite volume and rigid shape.
*Solid matter may be crystalline, its atoms or molecules arrange in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order, where its atoms or molecules do not have long-range order
What are the properties of a liquid?
*Atoms or molecules are close to each other but they are free to move around and by each other.
*Liquids have a fixed volume.
*Liquids assume the shape of their container.
What are the properties of a gas?
*Atoms or molecules are separated by large distances and are free to move relative to one another.
*Because the atoms or molecules that compose gasses are not in contact with one another, gasses are compressible.
*Gasses always assume the shape and volume of their containers.
What is melting?
Solid → Liquid
What is freezing?
Liquid → Solid
What is evaporation?
Liquid → Gas
What is condensation?
Gas → Liquid
What is sublimation?
Solid → Gas
What is deposition?
Gas → Solid
What are the significant figure rules for non zero numbers?
*All nonzero digits are significant (Any number, positive or negative)
When are zero digits are significant?
- Interior zeros (zeros between two numbers) are significant.
- Trailing zeros (zeros to the right of a nonzero number) that fall after a decimal point are significant.
- Trailing zeros that fall before a decimal point are significant.
- When a number is expressed in scientific notation, all trailing zeros are significant.
When are zero digits not significant?
- Leading zeros (zeros to the left of the first nonzero number) are not significant. They only serve to locate the decimal point.
- Trailing zeros at the end of a number, but before an implied decimal point, are ambiguous and should be avoided by using scientific notation.
What are the significant figure rules in addition/subtracting?
In addition or subtraction, the result has the same number of decimal places as the quantity with the fewest decimal places.
What are the significant figure rules in multiplying/dividing?
In multiplication or division, the result carries the same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest significant figures.
