Chapter 3 - Molecules and Compounds, Nomenclature Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is an Ionic compound?
Compounds that are composed of one or more cations (metals) paired with one or more anions (Nonmetals).
What is a Molecular (Covalent) Compound?
Compounds that are composed of two or more nonmetals.
What are acids?
Acids are molecular compounds that produce H+ ions when dissolved in water. They are composed of hydrogen.
What is a formula unit?
The basic unit of ionic compounds. It’s the smallest electrically neutral collection of ions in an ionic compound.
What are Polyatomic Atoms?
Groups of atoms that act as a single unit with a charge.
Ex: NO3– is a polyatomic ion with a negative charge.
What is the rule about naming an Ionic Compound?
*Because ionic compounds must be charge-neutral and many elements form only one type of ion with a predictable charge, we can determine the formulas for many ionic compounds based on their constituent elements.
* The formula for the ionic compound composed of magnesium and chlorine (Mg2Cl), must always form cations and always form anions. In order for the compound to be charge-neutral, it must contain one cation to every two anions.
What’s the rule about naming a Molecular Compound?
*The first step in naming a molecular compound is identifying it as one. Nearly all molecular compounds form from two or more nonmetals.
*Use prefixes to indicate the amount of atoms present in a compound.
What is an Aqueous (aq) solution?
Indicates that the compound is dissolved in water.
What is a binary acid?
Acids that contain only hydrogen and a nonmetal.
*Hydro + [base name of nonmetal]—ic + Acid (Aq)
What are Oxyacids?
Acids that contain hydrogen, a nonmetal, and oxygen.
*The names of acids containing oxyanions ending with –ic take this form: [base of oxyanion] + –ous Acid
*The names of acids containing oxyanions ending with –ate:
[base of oxyanion] + –ic Acid
