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Chemistry > Chapter 1 Measurements in Science and Medicine > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Measurements in Science and Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Define Unit

A

a measurement with a size that everyone knows or understands and is used as a base for calculating other measurements.

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2
Q

Define Base Unit

A

The starting point for units. All other units are determined by the defining characteristic of a base unit.

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3
Q

Define Derived Unit

A

Derived unit is a base unit with a prefix that modifies the value of the base unit.

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4
Q

How can the relationship between a base unit and a derived unit be represented in numerical terms?

A

a number like 1000 or 1/1000
a power of 10 like 10^3 or 10^-3

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5
Q

abbreviations

How are abbreviations determined for base units and derived units?

A

abbreviations for base units are the first letter of the unit name.

abbreviations for the derived units are the first letter of the prefix and the first letter of the base unit word

examples:
meter is m
centimeter is cm

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6
Q

Are metric abbreviations upper case or lower case and why?

Provide example

A

lowercase

because upper case are used for less common derived units

example: Mega is capital M

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7
Q

What is the abbreviation for the prefix micro and why?

A

micro is written as the greek letter μ (mu) because m is used for milli

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8
Q

What type of unit is Liter and what does it measure?

base vs derived

A

Liter is the base unit that measure volume, how much space and object occupies.

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9
Q

What type of unit is Gram and what does it measure

base vs derived

A

Gram is a the base unit that measures mass, how heavy an object is

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10
Q

Define Kilo as a number and a power of 10.

Identify its abbreviation

Provide an example with meter as the base unit.

A

It represents 1,000 times a base unit or 10^3

abbreviation is lowercase k

kilometer (km) is 1000 meters

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11
Q

Define Deci as a number and a power of 10
Identify its abbreviation
Provide an example with meter as the base unit.

A

1/10 of a base unit
10^-1

Deci (d)

decimeter (dm) 1/10 of a meter

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12
Q

Define centi as a number and a power of ten
Identify its abbreviation
Provide an example with meter as the base unit.

A

1/100 of a base unit
10^-2

centi (c)

centimenter (cm) 1/100 of a meter

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13
Q

Define milli as a number and a power of 10
Identify its abbreviation
Provide an example with meter as the base unit.

A

1/1000 of a base unit
10^-3

milli (m)

millimeter (mm) 1/1000 of a meter

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14
Q

Define micro as a number and a power of 10
Identify its abbreviation
Provide an example with meter as the base unit.

A

1/1,000,000 of a base unit
10^-6

micro (μ)

micrometer (μm) 1/1,000,000 of a meter

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15
Q

What alternate abbreviation might be used for micro instead of μ?

A

mc

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16
Q

define Volume

A

the amout of space something takes up

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17
Q

can the dimensions of volume change or do they stay the same?

A

dimensions can change but the volume remains the same

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18
Q

What is the base unit of volume for the metric system

A

Liter

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19
Q

What are the most common derived units of the Liter?

A

milliliter (mL)
deciliter (dL)
microliter (μL)

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20
Q

Define mass

A

Measures the strength of the resistance of an object when pushed.

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21
Q

How is mass different than weight

A

Objects would have the same mass on multiple planets but would have a different weight because of the difference in gravity.

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22
Q

What are the most common derived units of the gram?

A

milligram (mg)
kilogram (kg)
microgram (μg)

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23
Q

What is the modern version of the metric system called?

Identify its abbreviation.

A

International System of Units

SI

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24
Q

What are the International System of Units (SI) base units

A

volume: cubic meter, which is the same as 1 L
mass: kilogram
distance: meter

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25
How many L is 1 cubic meter?
1,000 L
26
Are blood concentration measurements precise?
No, they are approximate.
27
What is the rule in science and medicine about the final digit in any measured number?
It is never considered correct or accurate.
28
Define precision
precision is determined based on the results of multiple measurements. something is precise when the returned value is similar multiple times.
29
Define accuracy
Accuracy is determined by the tool's ability to give us correct results.
30
What is the difference between a precise tool and an accurate tool. Provide example | darts
A tool is precise when it returns the same/similar results repeatedly. A tool is accurate if it provides the correct answer. Consider a dart board. If your darts hit the same spot repeatedly, they are precise. If they hit the bullseye, they are accurate.
31
What is a "standard" when measuring data
a standard is used to determine if a tool is accurate. by measuring something for which you know the value, you can determine if the tool will measure accurately.
32
Describe how to convert units using the metric railroad
The number of stations you move equals the number of decimal places you move. As the units move to the right, the decimal places moves to the left and vice versa as a unit becomes smaller, the number becomes larger and vice versa
33
Identify the stopping points on the metric railroad from left to right starting with micro
34
Identify other metric prefixes in common use and their values | think tera and giga
35
Name the extended metric railroad system in order starting with pico
36
Define a conversion factor
tells us how two different units relate to one another
37
What are the four steps to translate any measurement from one unit to another? | literal steps follows to solve the math problem
1. identify the original measurement and the unit converting to 2. write the conversion factors 3. multiply the conversions and cancel units 4. do the math, round the answer
38
What are examples of a unit?
Hours, day, months
39
What two types of units are used in the metric system?
Base Units and Derived Units
40
# Example of Base Unit What is the base unit of distance (length, width, height)
meter
41
What is an example of a derived unit for a meter?
(kilo)meter or (centi)meter
42
Define Distance
Tells us how far apart two things are
43
What type of unit is meter and what does it measure?
meter is a base unit that measures distance (length, width, height)
44
What is the abbreviation for Liter
L
45
What is the abbreviation for meter?
m
46
What is the abbreviation for gram?
g
47
What is the base unit of mass?
gram
48
express 2.8 dm in mm
280 mm
49
express a sample conversion | mL to dL
100mL/1dL and 1dL/100mL
50
what is a compound unit? provide example of how it is written | think density
a compound unit is made of two different units Unit A/Unit B Unit A per Unit B
51
define density and express the equation
density is the relationship between mass and the volume of a substance. density does not change if the volume or mass changes density = mass/volume
52
what is specific gravity write it as an equation does it have a unit?
closely related to density specific gravity of a substance = density of the substance/density of water no unit
53
provide two examples of when specific gravity is used in medical analysis
blood to determine if someone has enough iron urine to determine if someone has kidney disease or is dehydrated
54
how are significant figures determined
we start counting significant figures from the first non zero digit in a number
55
how do we determine how many significant figures are used to answer an equation
the answer is rounded using the least amount of significant figures determined in the original data set
56
what numbers are ignored in the significant figure rule
the number 1 any number that converts numbers in the same system (metric to metric or english to english) exact numbers that cannot be divided or modified trailing zeros in approximate numbers
57
what are the freezing and boiling points in celcius
0 freezing 100 boiling
58
what are the freezing and boiling points fahrenheit
32 degrees freezing 212 degrees boiling
59
what is the formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celcius
(F-32)/1.8=C
60
what is the formula for converting celcius to fahrenheit
(Cx1.8)+32=F
61
how are Kelvin scale temperatures determined?
add 273 to the Celcius temp

Chemistry (20 decks)

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