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History of Rock > Chapter 1/ midterm study guide > Flashcards

Chapter 1/ midterm study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 elements of music?

A

Sound, Harmony, Melody, Rhythm, Form

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2
Q

What is Sound?

A

Our general perception of the music

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3
Q

What is Harmony?

A

the quality of sound produced at any given moment by all parts of the music combined.

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4
Q

What is Melody?

A

a succession of single notes which is the principle part of the music at any given moment. Melodies are often sung with lyrics.

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5
Q

What is Rhythm?

A

Musics relationship to time through pulse.

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6
Q

What is form?

A

Music’s relationship to time through repetition of its other elements.

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7
Q

S.H.M.R.F.

A

Acronym for “The elements of music”

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8
Q

Who are the composers of music?

A

The Songwriter and Lyricist

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9
Q

What are Composers?

A

The people who create the elements of a song (its basic melody/lyrics, harmony,rhythm, and form)

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10
Q

What are Arrangers?/ what do they do

A

Arrangers are the people that write down the specific notes of a particular preformance.

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11
Q

What are Performers, and what do they do?

A

Performers play and infect the specific notes the Arrangers wrote.

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12
Q

Tin Pan Alley

A

Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. It can be argued that rock tried to destroy it.

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13
Q

What is the form employed in most commercial music from Tin Pan Alley?

A

AABA Form.

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14
Q

AABA Form

A

Focuses on repetition of a short, memorable section of music (A) with a brief change (B) or Bridge.

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15
Q

What is Bridge?

A

Musical material designed to separate repetitions of the main section of a song.

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16
Q

What is a Strophic Song?

A

Most “A” sections are strophes, or repetitions of the same musical material with different lyrics. Associated with AABA Form.

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17
Q

A Capella

A

Singing groups with no instrumental accompaniment, later joined by instruments.

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18
Q

What is Multi-track recording?

A

The ability to capture different parts of a song at different times. Originated in the “Tennessee Waltz” as a technological advancement.

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19
Q

What did the Tennessee Waltz by Patti Page inspire?

A

Cover versions of songs

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20
Q

What are cover versions?

A

The same musical composition performed or recorded by different musicians.

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21
Q

“Goodnight, Irene” recorded by the Weavers, who learned it from leadbelly (Huddie Ledbetter)

A

They marketed A cover song.

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22
Q

What does “Choo Choo Ch’Boogie” Incorporate?

A

Incorporates Twelve Bar Blues.

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23
Q

What is “Twelve Bar Blues”?

A

A set of harmonies/ chords built from the 1st, 4th, and 5th notes of western musical scales. The chord progression is usually in this order: I-I-I-I-IV-IV-I-I-V-IV-I-I with each roman numeral representing a chord that lasts 4 beats

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24
Q

What is so significant about “Love and Marriage” recorded by Frank Sinatra?

A

It was composed in AABA form.

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25
What were the two primary ways people enjoyed music in the 19th century?
attending live performances by professionals, and preforming music themselves at home.
26
What is Payola?
Illegal practice of accepting bribes in exchange for heavy airplay
27
What is a cover?
The Practice of recording a song that has previously been recorded by another artist or group
28
Who is Alan Freed?
Famous DJ for playing and coining the term rock n roll, later taken off of radio for payola
29
Who holds the copyright?
The composer
30
Are arrangements and performances copyrightable? T Or F
F; Arrangements and Performances are not copyrightable.
31
What were the three parallel chart according to marketing and who were they for?
Separate but Equal paradox= R&B charts | ("colored"). Pop charts ("white") and Single charts.
32
What was so important about singles charts?
They provided the most material for cover versions.
33
What did Buddy Holly do that was so innovative?
Used two lead guitars (lead and rhythm) which proved influential, and pioneered the use of double -tracking
34
Why did little richard stop making music and when?
He was called to ministry, and this happened in 1957
35
Why did Elvis stop making music for awhile, and when did this happen?
He was drafted into the army, and this happened in 1957.
36
What happened to Chuck Berry in 1959?
He was charged with violation of the Mann Act, because he drove across state lines to transport a new waitress (underaged) to his club.
37
What did 1960 bring renewed emphasis on?
songwriters as an independent craft.
38
T or F Songwriters and producers were sometimes the same person?
True
39
What part of the music business became more important during the 1950s-1960s?
Producers.
40
What is the name for the two most successful producers in the 1950s/ early rock n roll days?
Leiber and Stoller. Wrote lots of hits for Elvis, Had early 1950s R&B hits. Were apart of Spark Records.
41
What did Ray Charles and Sam Cooke do?
The created gospel-influenced style (of music)
42
What is the Brill Building?
Where the Tin Pan Alley system was reinvented, it was located In New York.
43
What is important about Gold Star Studios?
This system also reinvented and emulated the system of Tin Pan Alley, and this place was located in Los Angles
44
Why is Motown important, and what is it?
This place also reinvented the Tin Pan Alley system, and this place was located in Detroit.
45
What type of music was recorded at the Brill Building?
It was a place that recorded teen pop music with rock n roll influence, and it was both a place and stylistic label.
46
What was the approach of the Brill Building?
The artist was not at the center of the process, and they returned to the way business had been done pre-rock.
47
Important Facts about Phil Spector?
He was Leiber and Stoller's apprentice.
48
Where did "The Wrecking Crew" Record and with who?
Gold Star Studios in Los Angeles, and they worked with Phil Spector,
49
What did the Brill Building become?
Like a Vertical Tin Pan Alley.
50
What are some Brill Building songwriters who also had preforming careers?
Neil Sedaka, Neil Diamond, and Carole King.
51
Was The Brill Building a place where many New York based songwriters worked for mostly independent labels? T or F?
True
52
Where is Motown located and who founded it?
It is Located in Detroit, Michigan, and it was founded by Berry Gordy Jr.
53
what was Motown considered? (Hint: Think success)
Among the most successful black-owned businesses in the U.S
54
What was the attitude at Motown?
They maintained a strict code of conduct for artists.
55
What did Motown Utilize?
First-rate studio musicians known as the "funk brothers"
56
Where did Motown move and when?
They moved to Los Angeles in 1971.
57
What type of music did the beach boys promote?
Surf Music/ the California lifestyle.
58
What record label were the Beach boys apart of?
Capital records
59
How many top 40 hits did the Beach Boys have in the 1960's?
26. Many were during the Beatles arrival in the U.S.
60
Who were the Beach boys led by?
Brian Wilson.
61
What was so unique about Brian Wilson?
He was a Songwriter, Arranger, Producer, and Performer, and the songs he wrote were personal to him and his time/place in america
62
Who was the best selling american rock group of the 1960s
The Beach Boys.
63
What was the ambition of Brian Wilson?
Producer (Inspired by Spector) and to have innovative compositions.
64
What is the definition of Texture?
When many different instruments are featured at different times to create TEXTURE changes as the verses and choruses progress. (has to do with sound in relation to shmrf) the song California girls by The Beach Boys shows this well.
65
How do the Beach Boys make their Harmony unique in their song "California Girls"?
They have an extended introduction in a different key, and the have more complex chord changes.
66
what were The Beatles in 1964?
They were already established stars in europe by 1964.
67
Beatlemania caused?
Mass Adulation.
68
What were the beatles?
The first important rock group.
69
What is a rock group?
different than a band because each member is of equal importance and each member plays at least one instrument and writes songs.
70
Where did the Beatles begin preforming?
In Liverpool (U.K.) and Hamburg (Germany)
71
What did the Beatles play when they first started performing?
covers by chuck berry, carl perkins, little richard, and buddy holly.
72
When did the beatles perform in Hamburg?
1960-1962
73
How long did the beatles play in the beginning?
they played six and seven hour evenings, but it refined their performing skills and repertoire .
74
When and where did the beatles play in liverpool, and how long?
A place called the cavern, they played there 300 times through 1962.
75
who did the Beatles meet in 1961?
Their future manager Brian Epstein.
76
What did the Beatles secure in 1962?
A Paraphone recording contract.
77
What did the beatles pave the way for?
Mersey beat acts.
78
What did the Beatles learn music from?
Cover songs they performed in early period.
79
What first wave rockers were the beatles influenced by?
elvis presley, chuck berry, and little richard
80
What type of production model were the beatles influenced by?
producer centered production model. ex: Leiber and Stoller, Phil Spector, and Motown.
81
What were the two main bands that had the biggest influence in the british invasion?
The rolling stones, and The Beatles.
82
Other bands that are associated with the british invasion?
the animals, the who, the kinks, gerry and the pacemakers, the hollies, herman's hermits.
83
Besides the Beatles, what other band had the greatest influence during the british invasion?
The Rolling Stones
84
What is a concept album?
an album received as an integrated whole. example, the Beach Boys "Pet Sounds"
85
What is Call and Response?
one main singer says something and a group of singers follow and respond.
86
What is a Hook?
A hook is a musical idea, often a short riff, passage, or phrase, that is used in popular music to make a song appealing and to "catch the ear of the listener".
87
What is Syncopated?
notes that are not really on the beat. EX: guitar soloing away from the beat or rhythm of the drums.
88
What is Polyrhythmic?
dividing a pulse into one different sub division simultaneously.
89
What is Reverb?
a studio effect that gives dimension to the sound by creating echo's which make the harmony and melody very innovative and spacelessness
90
What is groove?
Groove is the sense of propulsive rhythmic "feel" or sense of "swing" created by the interaction of the music played by a band's rhythm section (drums, electric bass or double bass, guitar, and keyboards). Ubiquitous in popular music, groove is a consideration in genres such as salsa, funk, rock, fusion, and soul.
91
What are Blue Notes?
a note sung or played at a slightly lower pitch than that of the major scale for expressive purposes.
92
What is Tonic?
relating to or denoting the first degree of a scale.
93
What is a Riff?
A very recognizable instrumental sound not done by vocals.
94
What is Scat singing?
When the voice becomes an instrument.
95
What is a Bridge?
an abrupt change in harmony and melody that separate reflections of a song
96
What is tempo?
The rate of pulse that determines the rhythm of the song. how fast or slow the song is.

History of Rock (4 decks)

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