Chapter 1 Motherboards, Processors, Memory Flashcards
1
Q
What are other words for a Motherboard?
A
- Systemboard
- Mainboard
2
Q
What is PCB?
A
Printed Circuit Board.
A non-conductive material with conductive pathways laminated to it.
3
Q
What are the two main form factors?
A
- ATX
-ITX
4
Q
What does ATX stand for?
A
Advanced Technology Extended
5
Q
What does ITX stand for?
A
Information Technology Extended
6
Q
When was ATX created?
A
Mid-1990’s by Intel, it was an improvement of the predecessor AT-style motherboards
7
Q
When was ITX created?
A
Early 2000’s by VIA Technologies
8
Q
What is measurement for a standard ATX motherboard?
A
12” x 9,6” (305mm x 244mm)
9
Q
What are the 4 ITX form factors?
A
- Mini-ITX
- Nano-ITX
- Pico-ITX
- Mobile-ITX
10
Q
What are the measurements for a Mini-ITX motherboard?
A
6.7” x 6.7” (170mm x 170 mm)
11
Q
What are the measurements for a Nano-ITX motherboard?
A
4.7” x 4.7” (120mm x 120mm)
12
Q
What are the measurements for a Pico-ITX motherboard?
A
3.9” x 2.8” (100mm x 72mm)
13
Q
What are the measurements for a Mobile-ITX motherboard?
A
2.4” x 2.4” (60mm x 60mm)
14
Q
Which ITX motherboard is also compatible with a ATX case?
A
Mini-ITX.
It has 3 or 4 standoff holes in it that are the same as on the ATX motherboards.
And the rear interfaces are the same as on an ATX motherboard.
15
Q
What are the ATX form factors?
A
- ATX
- Micro-ATX
16
Q
What are the measurements for Micro-ATX
A
9.6” x 9.6” (244mm x 244mm).
17
Q
What is a bus?
A
A collection of signal paths
18
Q
What is a serial bus?
A
It’s a bus that sends 1 bit of data at a time
19
Q
What is a parallel bus?
A
It’s a bus that could send 8 bits of data at the time over multiple lines
20
Q
What are the downsides of a parallel bus?
A
- Short circuit lengths
- low throughput (amount of data at a time),
this is because of the synchronization
issues at the receiving end.
21
Q
Why are we using mostly serial buses again?
A
Although serial buses sent 1 bit of data at a time. The speed is being determined by the transceivers and they are improving as technology improves.
22
Q
What are some serial buses we use today?
A
- SATA
- USB
- IEEE 1394/FireWire
- PCIe
The motherboard is also using buses to connect components together like e.g. communication between CPU and RAM
23
Q
What are chipsets?
A
A collections of chips or circuits that perform interface and peripheral functions for the CPU. It will dictate how a motherboard will communicate with the installed peripherals.
24
Q
What are the two main chipset brands?
A
- Intel
- AMD
25
What does AMD stand for?
Advanced Micro Devices
26
A chipset can be divided in which two groups?
- Northbridge
- Southbridge
27
What does the Northbridge do?
It manages the communication between high speed components.
28
Which components are being managed by the Northbridge?
- CPU
- Memory controller
- PCIe controller
29
What does the Southbridge do?
It manages all the slower peripheral components
30
Which components are being managed by the Southbridge?
- USB
- ATA interfaces
- Onboard LAN
- Onboard audio
- PCI Expansion bus
31
What does PCI stand for?
Peripheral Component Interconnect
32
At what frequency did PCI operate on?
33MHz or 66MHz over a 32 bit (4 byte) channel.
33
What were the data rates of PCI?
133MB/s and 266MB/s
34
Which voltages does PCI slots and adapters have?
- 3.3V
- 5 V
35
What is a universal adapter for PCI?
It's an adapter with slots for both 3.3V and 5V notches keyed in.
36
What is shared bus topology?
When using a 33MHz and a 66MHz together in 66MHz system would bring it down to 33MHz
36
Where is the keyed notch on a 5V PCI 32 bit card?
On the front of the card
36
Where is the keyed notch on a 3.3V PCI 32 bit card?
On the rear of the card
37
Where is the keyed notch on a universal PCI 32 bit card?
One on the rear of the card for the 3.3V and one on the front of the card for the 5V
38
What is the difference between a PCI 32 bit card and a PCI 64 bit card?
The notches for the voltages are the same, but the 64 bit card has an extra 64 bit connector notch at the front of the card
39
What does PCIe stand for?
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
40
What did PCIe replace?
- PCI
- AGP
41
What does AGP stand for?
Accelerated Graphics Port
42
PCIe uses a point-to-point connection, what does this mean?
This means that it is directly connected with the CPU. This makes sure that the component can use all the data bandwidth without having to share it with other components.
43
What is a PCIe lane?
It's the actual pathway the communication between the PCIe and the CPU is being send through.
44
What is a PCIe channel?
It's a collection of lanes where the data goes through. The channel slot names (e.g. x1, x16) are being determined by the amount of lanes it uses.
45
Which 7 link widths of PCIe channels are there?
- x1
- x2
- x4
- x8
- x12
- x16
- x32
46
Which link widths are most commonly used?
- x1
- x4
- x16
47
What does the 22 pin portion of a PCIe slot do?
They are mostly made up of voltage pins and ground pins?
48
How many PCIe versions are there at the moment?
6
49
What does MB/s stand for?
Megabyte/second. It has 8 bits in one byte.
50
What does Mb/s stand for?
Megabit/second. There are 8 bits in one byte.
51
How many MB/s of data does PCIe x1 version 1.0 send?
250MB/s
52
What is up-plugging?
When you use a higher capable PCIe slot for a lesser card. E.g. putting a x4 card in a x16 slot.
53
What is down-plugging
When using a higher capable PCIe card in a lesser slot. This can only be done with open slots. E.g. using a x8 card in a x4 (open) slot.
54
What does SLI stand for?
Scalable Link Interface. It has been created by Nvidia to connect two or more graphics cards together as if it is one huge and powerful graphics card. It needs a bridge.
55
What is a riser card?
It's a expansion card for PCIe that will give more PCIe slots.
56
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
57
What does RAM do?
It stores currently used data and it stores instructions for the CPU for fast recall. It's a volatile storage.
58
What does RAM consist of?
It's a stick, a PCB, with memory modules attached to it. These sticks will store temporary used data and instructions for the CPU
59
What does DIMM stand for?
Dual Inline Memory Module
60
What does SODIMM stand for?
Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
61
What does VRAM stand for?
Virtual Random Access Memory. It is being used when there is no more space in RAM and extra RAM is (temporarily) necessary
62
What is a paging file?
Also known as a swap file. It's a file placed on the harddrive that is being used for virtual memory. It's an optimized space that can deliver stored information to RAM
63
What is a swap file?
Also known as a pagingfile. It's a file placed on the harddrive that is being used for virtual memory. It's an optimized space that can deliver stored information to RAM
64
Can the VRAM directly being accessed by the CPU?
No, the info or data stored in VRAM needs to be paged (transferred) to RAM. Older files in RAM will be paged out to make space for the new info/data from VRAM.
65
What is Cache?
Cache is a bit of memory placed on the CPU. It stores instructions for the CPU that it needs most often. It's the fastest type of memory in a computer. L1 cache is always on the CPU, but L2 and L3 cache is also on the CPU, but older versions have L2 and L3 on the motherboard. L1 cache is divided into L1d (data) and L1i(instruction). It sits between the CPU and the RAM. It predicts what the CPU will ask and prefetch this information before it's asked for.
66
What is L1 cache?
Level 1 cache is the smallest and fastest type of cache memory. It's on the CPU. L1 and L2 cache will have its own cache for every core of the processor.
67
What is L2 cache?
Level 2 cache is a little bit bigger than level 1 cache and it's also slower.L1 and L2 cache will have its own cache for every core of the processor.
68
What is L3 cache?
Level 3 cache is the biggest form of cache and also the slowest. L3 is shared among all cores of the processor. So it doesn't have a cache for every core of the processor.
69
What is the size of L1 cache?
It's depended on the CPU, but it's most likely to be in the KB's
70
What is the size of L2 cache?
512KB
71
What is the size of L3 cache?
8 - 16MB
72
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
73
What does LGA stand for?
Land Grid Array
74
What does PGA stand for?
Pin Grid Array
75
What does ZIF stand for?
Zero Insertion Force.
It's when a CPU is inserted into a PGA socket and it's being closed without any pressure. The socket is made for the.
76
What does a CPU that is compatible with a LGA socket have?
Grids. The CPU itself has land grids on it and the socket has the pins that connects to the lands.
77
What does a CPU that is compatible with a PGA socket have?
Pins.
The CPU itself has pins. They are very fragile and need to be handles with caution. The socket has the corresponding holes in them.
78
What are multisocket motherboards?
Motherboards that can hold 2 or more CPU's. For instance for a server.
79
Mobile motherboards, are they always a certain size?
No. Mobile motherboards are a SFF (small form factor). A lot of the time they're specially produced for that certain product. For example a mobile phone of a laptop can have a specially created motherboard.
80
What kind of power connector gives power to the motherboard?
A 24 pin connector.
81
What does IDE stand for?
Integrated Drive Electronics.
It was once the most common type of hard drive. Nowadays we call it IDE PATA. It's a legacy technology.
82
What does PATA stand for?
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment. Also known as IDE PATA. It's a legacy technology used hard drives, optical drives and tape drives.
It used multiple pathways to send 8 bit at a time, but due to the synchronization issues and the speeds of SATA we don't use it anymore.
83
What does SATA stand for?
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment.
It's sending data with 1 bit at a time through a single pathway. But the transceivers could be improved so it can reach to incredible high speeds.
84
What is another name for SATA 1.5 Gb/s?
SATA 1 and SATA 150
85
What is the speed of SATA 1?
1.5Gb/s over a 8b/10b-encoding scheme
86
What is another name for SATA 3Gb/s?
Sata 2 and Sata 300
87
What is the speed for SATA 2?
3 GB/s over a 8b/10b-encoding scheme
88
What is another name for SATA 6 Gb/s?
SATA 3 or SATA 600
89
What is eSATA?
External SATA.
It has an dedicated external SATA connector. And it's for external SATA bays/drives.
90
What is M.2?
M.2 is a form factor. It's able to function with the existing SATA, USB and PCIe buses. Although M.2 is primarily being used for hard drives nowadays there are also Bluetooth, WI-FI, GPS and NFC adapters for M.2 built.
91
What are headers?
They are little connectors with pins in them. They are to connect e.g. the power button, the reset button, USB.
92
Give examples where headers are used for?
- Power button
- Reset button
- Power Light
- Drive activity Lights
- Audio jacks
- USB ports
- Fans
93
What is the power button header for?
It is a connection to the power button on the case. Which is a relay for the motherboard. The time you press the button determines which effect the button will have. For example a short press for turning on and a long press for turning off.
94
What is the reset button header for?
It's a connection for the reset button on the case. The reset button will reset the computer without removing the power cable. It prolongs internal components lifespan and it resets the computer to a hardware level. Although components like memory chips need more time to succesfully reset because of the power it needs to completely drain.
95
What does the Drive activity light do?
It shows if a hard drive is being active. If one LED is present, it represents all installed hard drives.
96
How did sound get from the optical media to the speakers in the early days?
Through a special cable from the optical media drive that connected to the sound card
97
What kind of connection is being used for audio nowadays?
A 10 pin audio connector.
Some modules have analog AC'97 ports on them. The newer ones have HD connections.
98
What does BIOS stand for?
Basic Input Output System
99
To what is the BIOS written?
A BIOS chip, also know as the ROM BIOS
100
How is the BIOS also called?
ROM BIOS
101
What does ROM stand for?
Read Only Memory
102
What does UEFI stand for?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
103
What is the UEFI?
It's the successor of the BIOS. It is a newer and better version of BIOS, also known as BIOS/UEFI.
104
What does CMOS stand for?
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
105
Where can you find the BIOS?
It's written on the BIOS chip. It says BIOS on it, but newer motherboards can have them integrated into the southbridge.
106
What is Firmware?
Firmware is software that is encoded in hardware. It is placed on a memory chip which is usually a ROM (Read Only Memory). It can be run without instructions from the operating software
107
What does the CMOS jumper do?
It can clear and reset the complete BIOS settings, by placing the jumper over certain given pins and connecting the pins together for a few seconds
108
You can set two types of passwords in the BIOS, which ones?
- User password, also known as the boot password
- Administrator (supervisor) password, also known as the Access password
109
What is the Boot password for?
It's a user password. When it is set then a password is required to boot from the power-on screen and start the operation system. It's not a password for the operation system itself.
110
What is the Access password for?
It's an administrator password. When set, it gives you access into the BIOS/UEFI configurations.
111
What does TPM stand for?
Trusted Platform Module.
112
What does TPM do?
A TPM chip is a coprocessor or a cryptoprocessor in the computer. It makes
113
What does HSM stand for?
Hardware Security Module.
114
What does HSM do?
HSM or Hardware Security Module can encrypt and decrypt encryption keys. It can also used that it is required to boot the system.
115
In which form does HSM come in?
It can be different forms. Like USB or PCIe, but there are also HSM servers for a whole network to be used.
116
In which form does TPM come in?
TPM is a dedicated chip that is on the motherboard or it is embedded in the CPU.
117
What does sealing mean?
Sealing is the use of both a TPM and the BIOS/UEFI to make sure a system is not tampered with. If so, the system is able to boot and decrypt encrypted keys.
118
What does secure boot mean?
Secure boot is when at a certain level of UEFI the system firmware checks if the digital signatures of each boot file has the approved version and if it isn't tampered with.
119
What does Microsoft Bitlocker do?
Microsoft Bitlocker uses the TPM and it can encrypt complete drives.
120
What does Option ROMs mean?
It's the collective name for the BIOS firmware for add-on cards like video cards, network cards, harddrive controllers
121
What does POST stand for?
Power On Self Test
122
What is POST?
POST, or Power On Self Test is a series of checks performed by the BIOS/UEFI to check the integrity of the system and the Option ROMs. It also verifies and confirms the size of the primary memory and it analyzes at catalogs other installed hardware.
123
What does MBR stand for?
Master Boot Record
124
What is the MBR?
It's the Master Boot Record, or a drive with an operation system installed on it.
125
What is the CMOS chip?
It's the memory chip that stores all kinds of settings and configurations changed by the user and for the BIOS/UEFI to read and merge with its default settings and configurations.
126
What is the CMOS battery
It's the battery that feeds the CMOS chip its power for when the system is turned off, so it doesn't loses its data.
127
Name all 9 pieces of data that the CMOS chip stores?
All settings and configurations like:
1. Time and Date
2. Memory
3. CPU configurations
4. Harddrive and Opticaldrive configurations
5. Security
6. Boot sequence
7. Power management
8. Virtualization support
9. Integrated port settings (also enables or disabled)
128
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
129
What does the CPU do?
The CPU is the brain of the computer. It controls and directs all the activities of the computer using the internal and external buses.
130
What does DIP stand for?
Dual In-line Package
131
What is DIP?
It's a 20 pin chip that were used as CPUs in the early days. They're still being used in certain integrated circuits
132
What does CISC stand for?
Complex Instruction Set Computing
133
What does RISC stand for?
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
134
What does ISA stand for?
Instruction Set Architecture
135
What is x64?
It's CISC technology platform. The CPU uses a 64-bit bus technology. It an handle 64 bits of information at once. Some CPUs still have a 32bit wide internal registers. But True x64 has CPU 64-bit registers and a 64-bit system bus. It can also handle x64 Microsoft Windows
136
What is x86?
x86 is a 32-bit processor. The name comes from the earlier Intel processors that ended with 86 e.g. 80486 and that stuck.
137
What does ARM stand for?
Advanced RISC Machine
138
What is ARM?
It's the most well-known RISC type of CPU. It's very small and it's used a lot in like mobile devices, but also in e.g. Raspberry Pi.
ARM is a 32-bit processor, but ARM64 is a 64-bit processor.
139
What are the advantages of ARM?
It's very small and it doesn't heat up a lot.
140
What are the disadvantages of ARM?
It uses a lot of memory, because the codes are less complex, but longer it must use more memory to store the instructions.
141
What does a CISC CPU do?
CISC is created for microprocessors. It uses complex instructions and it can handle multiple mathematical tasks with one instruction. Though every instruction needs multiple clock cycles to complete.
142
What does a RISC CPU do?
A RISC CPU uses less complex instructions, though it uses longer code. Therefore it also needs more memory to store the instructions.
143
What is the system clock?
It's the speed of the motherboard. The time for data to flow through the motherboard. It's created by the quartz crystal
144
What is the piezoelectric effect?
It's the vibrating of the quartz crystal when exposed to a current..
145
What is the FSB speed?
It's the speed of how the FSB uses the system clock to create an effective clock rate.
146
What is the internal clock rate?
It's the frequency the CPU executes per second. The frequency are a number of multiplications of the FSB speed.
147
What is overclocking?
It's increasing the CPU speeds through settings in the BIOS by altering voltages.
148
What is a thread?
It's a single string of instructions that a CPU runs.
149
What is multithreading?
It's the ability of CPU's to run more threads
(or strings of instructions) at a time.
150
What is HTT?
Hyper-Threading Technology. It's the Intel version of SMT (Simultaneous Multithreading).
151
What is Superscalar architecture?
It's the architecture of SMT, how it processes data. The CPU needs to be smart with fetching data and processing it so the pipeline won't stall.
152
What does AMD-V stands for?
AMD-Virtualization. It's the virtualization technology from AMD
153
What does VT stand for?
Virtualization Technology, It's the virtualization technology from Intel
154
Does every motherboard support virtualization?
No, the BIOS/UEFI must support virtualization and it might need to be enabled in the BIOS settings
155
What is parity checking?
It's checking data from the memory for errors in binary code.
156
How does parity checking work?
For every byte (8bits) of data being send an extra bit of binary data is added to an extra chip on the memory stick. So the 1 bits of binary are counted up and depending of the type of parity it will add a 0 or a 1 to the parity bit. The receiving end of the data checks for changes in the bits. If the data has been changed e.g. because of electrical interference. The error can be spotted
157
Which types of parity checking are there?
- Even parity
- Odd parity
- Mark parity
- Space parity
158
What is even parity?
It's when the 1 bits of binary are counted up and it results into an even number, a 0 bit will be put into the parity bit to keep it an even number. If the total is odd it will put a 1 in the parity bit to make it even.
159
What is odd parity?
It's when the 1 bits of binary are counted up and it results into an odd number, a 0 will put in the parity bit to keep it an odd number. If the total is even it will put a 1 in the parity bit to make it odd.
160
What is mark parity?
It's a non-parity memory, because it doesn't support parity bits. It doesn't change the parity bit depending of the number of 1 bits. It just adds a 1 in the parity bit.
161
What is space parity?
It's a non-parity memory, because it doesnt support parity bits. It doesn't change the parity bit depending of the number of 1 bits. It just adds a 0 in the parity bit.
162
Can all motherboards use parity memory?
No, the motherboard and especially the memory controller must be able to handle parity memory.
163
What does ECC stand for?
Error-correction code
164
What is ECC?
It does not only check the data for mistakes, but it there is 1 error in a byte of data it can fix it.
165
Can ECC memory fix multiple mistakes?
No, it can only fix 1 mistake. If there are 2 mistakes it can't fix it, but it can still detect it.
166
Can every motherboard handle ECC memory?
No, The motherboard and especially the memory controller needs to be able to handle it.
167
Give an example where ECC memory is being used?
In high-end servers, but also in certain medical equipment.
168
What is single-sided memory?
It's when a memory module (stick) has chips on only one side of the stick.
169
What is double-sided memory?
It's when a memory module (stick) has chips on both sides of the stick. So there is more capacity on a stick. The computer however sees this as two separate sticks.
170
How does the computer see a stick of double-sided memory?
The computer sees a stick of double-sided memory as two separate memory ranks (rank: a set of memory chips the system can access). It accesses one rank at a time and switches between them as needed. This allows for more memory capacity on a single module but doesn't mean both sides are active simultaneously
171
What is multichannel memory?
It means that multiple sticks of memory are being used to work together as one. Normally with a single memory setup the sticks are being processed sequentially, but in e.g. dual memory setup two sticks of memory can be accessed at the same time. So two times 64bits (or 128bits) of data at a time.
172
How many data can be transferred at a time through memory?
That depends on the width of the system data bus. Nowadays most systems have a 64-bit system, so 64 bits of data at a time.
173
What should you do when you bought memory but your motherboard doesn't see it?
Check the motherboard manufacturers website to see if it accepts the brand and type of memory. If the memory module is newer than the motherboard it might be accepted, but then a firmware update needs to be done.
174
How many pins does DDR have?
184 pins
175
How many pins does DDR2 have?
240 pins
176
How many pins does DDR 3 have?
240 pins
177
How many pins does DDR 4 have?
288 pins
178
How many pins does DDR 5 have?
288 pins
179
Which version of DDR RAM has 184 pins?
DDR
180
Which version of DDR RAM has 240 pins?
- DDR 2
-DDR 3
181
Which version of DDR RAM has 288 pins?
- DDR 4
- DDR 5
182
Which version of DDR RAM used 2.5v?
DDR
183
Which version of DDR RAM used 1.8v?
DDR2
184
Which version of DDR RAM used 1.5v?
DDR3
185
Which version of DDR RAM used 1.2v?
DDR4
186
Which version of DDR RAM used 1.1v?
DDR5
187
What does ROM stand for?
Read Only Memory
188
What is ROM?
It's a read only memory where data like firmware is stored on. It could only be read from and not written to it.
189
What does PROM stand for?
Programmable ROM
190
What is PROM?
It was created to be altered only once with a special programming device. Once it was altered it couldn't be altered again.
191
What does EPROM stand for?
Erasable Programmable ROM
192
What is EPROM?
It's the follow up of PROM and it could be erased with UV light and reprogrammed with the original programming device
193
What does EEPROM stand for?
Electronically Erasable Programmable ROM
194
What is EEPROM?
It's the follow up of EPROM and it can be erased electronically like i.e. flash memory
195
What is soft power?
It is a function of the power button. It's a relay that changes its function based on how long you press the power button. E.g. short press for hibernation., long press for forced power off.
196
What is 8b/10b encoding?
It's an encoding scheme where to the 8 bits of data 2 bits are being added for overhead like error detection, synchronization and keeping the 1's and 0's in balance.
197
What is SRAM?
It's static RAM. It's RAM that stores data without a refresh rate like SDRAM, which uses capacitors to retain the data. SRAM uses transistors. SRAM is still volatile memory and when the computer is turned off the SRAM loses its data.
198
What is GT (or MT)?
GT stands for Gigatransfers (or Megatransfers) which is how many (giga) transfers of data it can sent per second.
199
What is the max memory of DDR?
1GB
200
What is the max memory of DDR2?
8GB
201
What is the max memory of DDR3?
32GB
202
What is the max memory of DDR4?
64GB
203
What is the max memory of DDR5?
128GB
204
What is the voltage of DDR?
2,5v
205
What is the voltage of DDR2?
1,8v
206
What is the voltage of DDR3?
1,5v
207
What is the voltage of DDR4?
1,2v
208
What is the voltage of DDR5?
1,1v
209
Which DDR types use 1 channel?
up to DDR4, DDR5 uses 2 channels
210
DDR5 uses 2 channels, what does that mean?
It means that there are 2 communication pathways from the RAM to the memory controller, resulting in 2 x 32bits of data at a time. DDR up to DDR4 uses dual channel setups where two RAM sticks are being used in a setup to have 2 x 32 bits at the same time, but DDR 5 can do that in one single stick. So 4 four slots populated with RAM can be perceived as 8 sticks of RAM.
211
How many pins does SODIMM SDR SDRAM have?
144 pins
212
How many pins does SODIMM DDR have?
200 pins
213
How many pins does SODIMM DDR2 have?
200 pins
214
How many pins does SODIMM DDR3 have?
204 pins
215
How many pins does SODIMM DDR4 have?
260 pins
216
How many pins does SODIMM DDR5 have?
262 pins
217
Name the 7 commonly used fans in a computer?
1. Front intake fan
2. Rear exhaust fan
3. Powersupply exhaust fan
4. CPU fan
5. Chipset fan
6. Videocard chipset fan
7. Memory module fan
218
What are the two most common used types of CPU cooling?
1. Air cooling, with a fan and heatsinks
2. Liquid cooling, liquid, tubes, radiator with fans, pump
219
Why would you choose a liquid cooler over an air cooler?
Noise reduction. Liquid coolers produce less noise than the fans of the air cooler. Liquid takes a while to heat up, so the radiator fans has to spin less fast than an air cooler.
220
What is the difference between an air style fan and a blower-style fan?
Air-style fans blow air through the heat sink and the air is blown out to the back and sides of the heatsink, which dissipates the heat quick, but it blows it into the case. So it relies on the airflow of the case fans to remove the heat out of the computer. It can use multiple fans and bigger fans than a blower-style fan, which is enclosed with a fan pushing air through it and out of the back of the computer. This will blow the heat directly out of the computer. Blower-style fans cards can be stacked closer to each other, but they are getting hotter and are louder.
221
What is an AIO liquid cooler?
It's an All In One cooler that's prefabricated and which you can easily install. Custom coolers are more expensive and more difficult to install, but can be customized to your liking.
222
What are the 3 sizes of AIO liquid coolers?
1. 120mm (1 fan) cooler
2. 240mm (2 fan) cooler
3. 360mm (3 fan) cooler
223
What is the lowest temperature an Air and Liquid cooler can cool your CPU?
Room temperature. So to cool your CPU the best your room must also be cooled.
224
Which two type of fan connectors are there?
1. 3 pin connector
2. 4 pin connector
225
What is the difference of a 3 and 4 pin fan connector?
the fourth pin on the 4 pin connector is for PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), the BIOS can adapt the speed of the fans accordingly and with a 3 pin connector, which also has a tachometer on pin 3, can only be turned on and off accordingly.
226
What are pins 1 - 4 being used for a fan connector?
* Pin1: power
* Pin2: ground
* Pin3: tachometer (measures RPM of fan)
*Pin4: PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, controlling speed of fan)
