Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids and Proteins- DNA replication

Question 1

direction of replication

Answer 1

5’ to 3’

Question 2

replication is facilitataed by what enzyme

Answer 2

DNA polymerase

Question 3

type of replication in which a double strand is composed of a parent staramd and new strand

Answer 3

semi conservative

Question 4

DNA replicatioj occurs during what cell phase

Answer 4

S phase

Question 5

observed that adenine corresponds to amount of thymine etc

Answer 5

Erwin Chargaff

Question 6

Three main processes in DNA replication

Answer 6

initiation
elongation
termination

Question 7

demonstrated semiconservative replication using equilibrium density centrifugation

Answer 7

Matthew Meselson
Franklin Stahl

Question 8

enzyme that activates initiation of DNA replication

Answer 8

DNA A protein

Question 9

initial site for DNA synthesis

Answer 9

origin of replication (ori)

Question 10

binds to ori and unwinds the DNA to form a replication bubble

Answer 10

DNA helicase

Question 11

relieves tightening of the supercoil by creating a nick

Answer 11

topoisomerase

Question 12

supercoil that is overwound by a right handed twist

Answer 12

positive supercoil

Question 13

supercoil that is underwound by a left handed twist

Answer 13

negative supercoil

Question 14

cleaves or nicks only 1 strand

Answer 14

topoisomerase I

Question 15

relaxes negative supercoil in bacteria

Answer 15

Top1a

Question 16

relieves negative and positive supercoil in eukaryotes

Answer 16

Top1B

Question 17

uses ATP to nick 2 strands and relieve both positive supercoil, relieves supercoil ahead of the replication fork

Answer 17

Topoisomerase II

Question 18

attaches to each strand to stabilize and prevent them from annealing

Answer 18

single stranded DNA binding protein

Question 19

the 5’ to 3’ strand being copied in a discontinuous manner

Answer 19

lagging strand

Question 20

DNA replication that is reading in the 3’ to 5’ direction

Answer 20

leading strand

Question 21

T or F: DNA can be synthesized de novo

Answer 21

False, a preceding base must be present to provide the hydroxyl group

Question 22

enzyme required to specify starting point for replication by adding a short piece of DNA at the the 3’ end

Answer 22

RNA primase

Question 23

synthesizes short stretches of RNA of about 10 nucletotides

Answer 23

primer/ DNA G

Question 24

1st acceptor in DNA replication

Answer 24

free OH group in the 3’ end of the RNA primer

Question 25

the strands of DNA created between the RNA primers

Answer 25

Okazaki fragments

Question 26

emzyme that hydrolyzes RNA from a complementary DNA strand, removing the primer RNA

Answer 26

RNase H

Question 27

main polymerizing enzyme during bacterial replication

Answer 27

DNA polymerase III

Question 28

DNA polymerases have the capacity to

Answer 28

synthesize (5' to 3') degrade (5' to 3' and 3' to 5')

Question 29

excises RNA primers in the lagging strand and fills gaps

Answer 29

DNA polymerase I

Question 30

large fragment of DNA polymerase I without exonuclease activity

Answer 30

Klenow fragment

Question 31

the exonuclease capacity of DNA polymerase gives the enzyme the capacity to

Answer 31

proofread

Question 32

concurrent synthesis and hydrolysis that moves the nick in one strand of the DNA forward

Answer 32

nick translation

Question 33

enzyme that forms phosphodiester bonds between existing DNA strands

Answer 33

DNA ligase

Question 34

two eukaryotic polymerases found in the nucleus

Answer 34

pol alpha pol beta

Question 35

eukaryotic polymerase found in the mitochondria

Answer 35

pol gamma

Question 36

3 eukaryotic polymerases that resemble projaryotic polymerases but have less exonuclease activity

Answer 36

pol alpha pol beta pol gamma

Question 37

eukaryotic polymerase originally isolated from bone marrow

Answer 37

pol delta

Question 38

most active eukaryotic polymerase identified with chromosome replication

Answer 38

pol alpha

Question 39

eukaryotic polymerase that initiates the first 20 nts of DNA synthesis

Answer 39

pol alpha

Question 40

eukaryotic polymerase responsible for repair

Answer 40

pol beta

Question 41

eukaryotic dna responsible for synthesizing the leading strand

Answer 41

pol epsilon

Question 42

responsible for synthesizing lagging strand and nipping 5' end of RNA primer

Answer 42

pol delta

Question 43

found in mitochondrial DNA

Answer 43

pol gamma

Question 44

removes short dangling RNA primers in eukaryotes

Answer 44

Flap endonuclease 1

Question 45

remove long dangling RNA primers

Answer 45

DNA 2 endonuclease

Question 46

PROOF READING ABILITY pol alpha

Answer 46

-

Question 47

PROOF READING ABILITY pol beta

Answer 47

-

Question 48

PROOF READING ABILITY pol epsilon

Answer 48

+

Question 49

PROOF READING ABILITY pol delta

Answer 49

+

Question 50

PROOF READING ABILITY pol gamma

Answer 50

+

Question 51

add nucleotides to the end of DNA strand without template to generate 3' end labeled DNA species

Answer 51

terminal transferase

Question 52

chemical manipulation of amino acids produce nucleic acids with these three characteristics

Answer 52

processivity fidelity substrate specificit

Question 53

staying with the template longer to make longer products

Answer 53

processivity

Question 54

faithful copying of the template

Answer 54

fidelity

Question 55

affinity for altered nucleotides

Answer 55

substrate specificity

Question 56

enzymes that break the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA

Answer 56

endonucleases

Question 57

endonucleases that recognize specific base sequences and break the DNA polymer

Answer 57

restriction enzymes