Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids and Proteins - Translation, Amino Acids and Proteins

Question 1

peptide chains grow in what direction

Answer 1

amino terminal (NH2) to carboxyl terminal (COOH)

Question 2

most abundant macromolecules in the cell

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

collection of proteins encoded in all of an organisms DNA

Answer 3

proteomw

Question 4

the structure of a protein that iis determined by its amino acid sequence

Answer 4

primary structure

Question 5

protein structure determined by interaction between amino acid chains folding it into predicatble configuration sof beta beta pleated, or alpha helices configurations

Answer 5

secondary structure

Question 6

lost of this protein structure leads to denaturation

Answer 6

tertiary structure

Question 7

the structure formed when protein monomers are bound together to form dimers trimers or tetramers

Answer 7

quaternary structure

Question 8

ordered sequence of nucleotides that is the fundamental physical and functional unit of inheritance

Answer 8

gene

Question 9

start sequence that initiates translation

Answer 9

AUG (methionine)

Question 10

attachment site of tRNA with amino acid in the ribosome

Answer 10

Aminoacyl site

Question 11

occupied by the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide

Answer 11

peptidyl site

Question 12

where empty tRNA leaves after delivering amino acid

Answer 12

Exit site

Question 13

process of moving the tRNA from the A to P to E site

Answer 13

translocation

Question 14

for each amino acid, these are hydrolyzed to provide energy for translocation

Answer 14

GTP

Question 15

Initiators for translation

Answer 15

Shine Dalgarno sequence
5’ cap

Question 16

Shine Dalgarno sequence

Answer 16

purine rich sequence 6-10 bp before AUG

Question 17

specialized proteins that bind to large ribosomal unit forming a hydrophobic pocket that holds the emerging polypeptide

Answer 17

molecular chaperones

Question 18

termination sequences

Answer 18

UAA
UGA
UAG