Chapter 1: Ocular Anatomy

Question 1

Visible Spectrum

Answer 1

ROY G BIV
(Red, Orange, yellow, Green, blue, indigo, Violet)
Red light at the longest end of the spectrum and violet light at the shorter end

Question 2

Crystalline Lens

Answer 2

Behind the pupil

Purpose of the lenses to focus late on the retina

Question 3

Anterior chamber

Answer 3

Volume between the cornea and iris

Question 4

Hyperopia

Answer 4

Farsightedness occurs if I is too short or the curve of the cornea is too flat causing light rays to focus behind the retina
Correct w/ (+) lenses

Question 5

Rods

Answer 5

• Highly sensitive to light and there are about 120 million rods contained within the retina
• Suited for night vision and peripheral vision

Question 6

Antimetropia

Answer 6

An extreme case of anisometropia where one eye is Myropic and the other is hyperopic

Question 7

Vitreous humor

Answer 7

-Vitreous chamber is filled with a thicker gel like substance -maintains the shape of the eye

Question 8

Refraction

Answer 8

• As light moves from one transparent medium to another at any angle other than perpendicular to the material surface the change in speed will also result in a change in direction
• allows the creation of optical lenses that alter the path or focus of light

Question 9

Inferior Oblique

Answer 9

Moves the eye outward and upward

Question 10

Prentice’s Rule

Answer 10

States that prism in diopters 🔼 is equal to decentration distance in centimeters multiplied by the lens power

Question 11

Dilator Muscle

Answer 11

• Iris muscle

- Opens the pupil allowing more light into the eye

Question 12

Emmetropia

Answer 12

An eye free of refractive errors

Question 13

Diplopia

Answer 13

-difficulty w/ fusion can cause double vision or cause the brain to “turn off” one image in an effort to eliminate diplopia

Question 14

Suppression

Answer 14

The later is known as this condition

Question 15

Presbyopia

Answer 15

Condition where the crystalline lens is unable to add sufficient power to focus at near

Correct w/ (+) lens, reading glasses or magnifying devices

Question 16

Sphincter Muscle

Answer 16

Closes the pupil, restricting light into the eye

Question 17

Amblyopia

Lazy eye

Answer 17

The brain will often suppress the vision of the blurrier eye in this condition

Question 18

Accommodation

Answer 18

Process of focusing on objects based on their distance

Question 19

Anisometropia

Answer 19

A condition in which the two eyes have unequal refraction power
(Same + or -)

Question 20

Prism

Answer 20

Can be used to correct vision for an individual whose eyes are not perfectly aligned

Question 21

Wavelength

Answer 21

The distance between two corresponding points on two consecutive waves

Question 22

Tropia

Answer 22

When the eye has a definite or obvious training from its normal position

Question 23

Phoria

Answer 23

• When the eye has a tendency to turn from its normal position
• EX: when patient is tired

Question 24

Medial rectus

Answer 24

Moves I inward towards the nose

Question 25

Myopia

Answer 25

Nearsightedness occurs if the eye is longer than normal or The curve of the cornea is too steep causing light rays to focus in front of the retina Correct w/ (-) lenses

Question 26

360 or 180 Method

Answer 26

-When a lens is viewed from the front, a prism w/ a base direction to the right becomes O: (base in for the right eye, base out for the left eye) - labs use this method for describing base direction

Question 27

Prescribers method

Answer 27

Specifics the direction if the prism in terms of the base using base-up base-down bass-in and base-out

Question 28

Fovea

Answer 28

Center of the retina

Question 29

Strabismus

Answer 29

- Eyes are not aligned the right and left see different images resulting in blurred and double vision - Sometimes the brain can shut off when I attempt to remedy the vision resulting in molecular vision and loss of depth perception

Question 30

Vitreous Chamber

Answer 30

The greatest volume forming about 4/5 of the eye is found between the retina and lens

Question 31

Stroma

Answer 31

- Middle layer of the cornea between the two membranes | - makes up 90% of the thickness of the cornea

Question 32

Aqueous humor

Answer 32

- Both chambers contain this fluid | - Watery fluid produced by the ciliary body

Question 33

Inferior rectus

Answer 33

Moves the eye downward and slightly inward

Question 34

Posterior chamber

Answer 34

Volume between the iris and the lens

Question 35

Cones

Answer 35

- Primary function of detail and color detection | - 6 million cones within the retina

Question 36

Astigmatism

Answer 36

Occurs when the cornea has an oblong football like sheep in one or more directions causing light rays to focus on more than one point on the retina (Correct w/ Cyl Power on Correct Axis

Question 37

Superior oblique

Answer 37

Moves that Eye upward and downward

Question 38

Superior rectus

Answer 38

Moster Eye upward and slightly outward

Question 39

Lateral rectus

Answer 39

Moves that Eye outward and away from the nose