Chapter 1 - Overview

Question 1

Pathogenic

Answer 1

Disease-producing

Question 2

Ubiquitous

Answer 2

Everywhere

Question 3

Who created a system of describing organisms?

Answer 3

Linnaeus

Question 4

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 4

A system of describing and naming organisms

Question 5

What does every living organism have?

Answer 5

Genus and species

Question 6

What are the primary differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 6

Prokaryotes: single-cell, no nucleus
Eukaryotes: multicelled, membrane-bound organelles, nucleus

Question 7

What are the 5 kingdoms from least to most complex?

Answer 7

1. Monera ⭕️
2. Protista 🔅
3. Fungi
4. Plantae 🌱
5. Animalia 🙈

Question 8

Do viruses have a domain?

Answer 8

No, they are do not have ribosomes

Question 9

What are the general characteristics of viruses?

Answer 9

• made of nucleic acid and a capsid
• obligatory intracellular parasites
• acellular
• can only reproduce with host cell

Question 10

Which kingdom is entirely unicellular?

Answer 10

Monera

Question 11

What are the 2 domains of monera?

Answer 11

Bacteria and archaea

Question 12

What are the 3 domains of Protista?

Answer 12

Slime mold, Protozoa, algae

Question 13

Cell theory; “Little boxes”

Answer 13

Hooke

Question 14

Redi

Answer 14

Disprove spontaneous generation; used maggots and meat

Question 15

Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 15

1st observation of live microorganisms; first microscope

Question 16

Concept later called Biogenesis

Answer 16

Virchow

Question 17

What is the theory of biogenesis?

Answer 17

Live cells can only come from other live cells

Question 18

Disproved spontaneous generation

Answer 18

Pasteur

Question 19

Aseptic techniques

Answer 19

Pasteur

Question 20

Pasteurization and fermentation

Answer 20

Pasteur

Question 21

Lister

Answer 21

Applied germ theory to medical procedure; phenol

Question 22

Established steps to link specific microbes and diseases

Answer 22

Koch

Question 23

First vaccination

Answer 23

Jenner

Question 24

What is an antigen?

Answer 24

Something that triggers an immune response

Question 25

Chemotherapy and Salvarsan

Answer 25

Ehrlich

Question 26

Penicilin

Answer 26

Fleming

Question 27

Cell Theory

Answer 27

All living things composed of cell; Hooke

Question 28

Belief (until 19th century) that some forms of life could spontaneously arise from non-living matter

Answer 28

Spontaneous generation

Question 29

What techniques decrease contamination?

Answer 29

Aseptic techniques

Question 30

What is the process of converting sugar to alcohol in the absence of oxygen called?

Answer 30

Fermentation

Question 31

What is pasteurization?

Answer 31

Heating something just enough to kill the bacteria

Question 32

What is the Germ Theory of Disease?

Answer 32

The theory that microorganisms might cause disease

Question 33

What is the name of the sequences of experimental steps that relate microbes to diseases?

Answer 33

Koch's Postulates

Question 34

What is immunity?

Answer 34

Protection from disease provided by vaccinnation

Question 35

Who is credited with the idea of immunity?

Answer 35

Jenner

Question 36

What is the treatment of disease using chemical substances called?

Answer 36

Chemotherapy

Question 37

What is the difference between synthetic drugs and antibiotics?

Answer 37

``` Synthetic = made in a lab (amoxicillin) Antibiotic = made by a living organism (penicillin) ```

Question 38

Study of immunity

Answer 38

Immunology

Question 39

Study of viruses

Answer 39

Virology

Question 40

Study of fungi

Answer 40

Mycology

Question 41

Study of parasitic worms and protozoa

Answer 41

Parasitology

Question 42

Study of bacteria

Answer 42

Bacteriology

Question 43

Genomics

Answer 43

Study of organisms genes

Question 44

Microbial genetics

Answer 44

How microorganisms inherit traits

Question 45

What is the study of how genetic information is carried on DNA and how DNA directs protein synthesis called?

Answer 45

Molecular Biology

Question 46

What is the name of the naturally occurring reshuffling of genetic information?

Answer 46

Recombinant DNA/DNA recombination

Question 47

What is the name of the reshuffling of genetic information performed purposefully by scientists?

Answer 47

Biotechnology/Genetic engineering

Question 48

Gene Therapy

Answer 48

Inserting a missing gene or replacing a defective one in human cells

Question 49

Microbial ecology

Answer 49

The study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment

Question 50

Two scientists associated with microbial ecology

Answer 50

Beijerinck and Winogradsky

Question 51

What is it called when microbes clean and break down toxins and pollutants?

Answer 51

Bioremediation

Question 52

Normal microbiota/normal flora

Answer 52

Healthy microbes and microorganisms in our bodies, good as long as not pathogenic

Question 53

Ability to ward off diseases

Answer 53

resistance

Question 54

What is a pathogen that invades a susceptible host and carries out part or all of its life cycle called?

Answer 54

Infectious disease

Question 55

Three steps in the energy chain

Answer 55

Producers, consumers, decomposers

Question 56

Producers

Answer 56

Undergo photosynthesis

Question 57

Consumers

Answer 57

Make energy from producers

Question 58

Decomposers

Answer 58

Break down organic matter and recycle it

Question 59

What are EID?

Answer 59

Emerging infectious diseases - any new or changing disease

Question 60

Why are EIDs on the rise?

Answer 60

Resistance to medication and high population and populational mobility

Question 61

What are the group names of Fungi?

Answer 61

Yeast, mushroom, mold