chapter 1 part 3 (terminology and body plan)

Question 1

etymology

Answer 1

learning new words; these words can make learning them easy and fun.

Question 2

Most anatomical terms are derived from

Answer 2

latin and greek

Question 3

foramen is a Latin word for

Answer 3

hole

Question 4

magnum means

Answer 4

large

Question 5

The foramen magnum is therefore a

Answer 5

large hole in the skull (through which the spinal cord continues from the brain).

Question 6

Words are often modified by

Answer 6

adding a prefix or suffix

Question 7

the suffix -itis means

Answer 7

an inflammation, so appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix.

Question 8

Anatomical position

Answer 8

refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward

Question 9

A person is supine when

Answer 9

lying face upward

Question 10

prone

Answer 10

when lying face downward.

Question 11

In anatomical position,

Answer 11

the head is above the feet,

Question 12

we would still refer to the head as being “above” the feet because

Answer 12

the point of reference for anatomical structures is their position on the body, not the position of the body compared to the earth.

Question 13

Directional terms describe

Answer 13

parts of the body relative to each other

Question 14

used as directional terms in anatomical terminology.

Answer 14

Right and left

Question 15

superior means

Answer 15

above

Question 16

inferior means

Answer 16

below

Question 17

Anterior is used for

Answer 17

“in front of”

Question 18

posterior is used for

Answer 18

“behind.”

Question 19

term - right

Answer 19

etymology- none
definition- towards the body’s right side
example- the right ear

Question 20

term- left

Answer 20

etymology- none
def- toward the body’s left side
ex- the left ear

Question 21

term- inferior

Answer 21

ety- lower
def- below
ex- The nose is inferior to the forehead.

Question 22

term- superior

Answer 22

ety- Higher
def- above
ex- The mouth is superior to the chin.

Question 23

term- Anterior

Answer 23

ety- To go before
def- Toward the front of the body
ex- The teeth are anterior to the throat.

Question 24

term- Posterior

Answer 24

ety- Posterus, following
def- Toward the back of the body
ex- The brain is posterior to the eyes.

Question 25

t- Dorsal

Answer 25

ety- Dorsum, back def- Toward the back (synonymous with posterior) ex- The spine is dorsal to the breastbone.

Question 26

t- Ventral

Answer 26

ety- Venter, belly def- Toward the belly (synonymous with anterior) ex- The navel is ventral to the spine.

Question 27

t- Proximal

Answer 27

ety- Proximus, nearest def- Closer to a point of attachment ex- The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.

Question 28

t-Distal

Answer 28

ety- di + sto, to be distant def- Farther from a point of attachment ex- The ankle is distal to the hip.

Question 29

t- Lateral

Answer 29

ety- Latus, side def- Away from the midline of the body ex- The nipple is lateral to the breastbone.

Question 30

t-Medial

Answer 30

ety- Medialis, middle def- Toward the middle or midline of the body ex- The bridge of the nose is medial to the eye.

Question 31

t- Superficial

Answer 31

ety- Superficialis, surface def- Toward or on the surface ex- The skin is superficial to muscle.

Question 32

t- deep

Answer 32

ety- Deop, deep def- Away from the surface, internal ex- The lungs are deep to the ribs.

Question 33

two terms can be used interchangeably to refer to the | front of the body (or an organ)

Answer 33

anterior and ventral (belly).

Question 34

two terms can be used interchangeably to refer to the back of the body (or an organ)

Answer 34

posterior and dorsal (back).

Question 35

Proximal means “____” whereas distal means “_____”

Answer 35

1. close to | 2. far from

Question 36

proximal and distal

Answer 36

These terms are used to refer to relative positions of structures, such as on the limbs.

Question 37

Each limb is attached at its proximal end to the body, and the distal end,

Answer 37

such as the hand, is farther away.

Question 38

“Proximal” and “distal” can also describe

Answer 38

one structure’s position relative to another’s, such as specialized structures in the kidney called the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Their position is described relative to another kidney structure.

Question 39

Medial means “_____,” and lateral means “____.”

Answer 39

1. toward the midline | 2. away from the midline

Question 40

The nose is located in a medial position on the face, and the ears are lateral to the nose.

Answer 40

.

Question 41

The term superficial refers to a structure close to the surface of the body, and deep is toward the interior of the body. For example, the skin is superficial to muscle and bone.

Answer 41

.