chapter 1 Flashcards
(155 cards)
homeostasis
the maintenance of a relatively
constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external
environment.
Anatomy
the scientific discipline that investigates the
structure of the body—for example, the parts and chambers of the heart.
The word anatomy means
to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the
body for study.
anatomy examines the relationship between
the
structure of a body part and its function.
two basic approaches to the study of anatomy
Systemic and regional anatomy
Systemic anatomy
the study of the body by systems, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular
systems. It is the approach taken in this textbook.
Regional anatomy
the study of the organization of the body by areas.
two general ways to examine the internal structures of a living person
surface anatomy and anatomical imaging
Surface anatomy
the study of external features, such as bony projections, which serve as landmarks for locating deeper structures.
Anatomical imaging
involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound,
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures
of internal structures, such as when determining if a bone is broken or a
ligament is torn.
Both surface anatomy and anatomical imaging provide
important information for diagnosing disease
Physiology (study of nature)
the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.
it is important in physiology to recognize structures as
dynamic
There are two major goals when studying physiology
examining the body’s responses to stimuli and examining the body’s maintenance of stable internal conditions.
Human physiology
study of humans
cellular physiology
focuses on processes inside cells such as the manufacturing of
substances, including proteins.
systemic physiology
focuses on the functions of organ systems.
What are the 6 levels of organization in the body
chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism
Chemical level (simple ver)
atoms combine to form molecules
cell level (simple ver)
molecules form organelles, such as mitochondria and nucleus, which make up cell.
tissue level (simple ver)
similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissue.
organ level (simple ver)
different tissue combines to form organs
organ system (simple ver)
organs make up organ system
organism
organ systems make up an organism