Chapter 1 - Patient Care Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
X-ray verification of central venous catheter (CVC) placement should identify the catheter’s distal tip at the
A
Vena cava near the right atrium
2
Q
Pathogenic microorganisms that require contact precautions include (3)
A
MRSA
C. dificile
Hep A
3
Q
From the following, select the four circumstances that violate ARRT Rules of Ethics and can lead to ARRT professional sanction.
A
- Soliciting/receiving examination information that uses language similar to that found on the certification examination.
- Providing incorrect/misleading information regarding one’s ARRT credentials or qualifications.
- Assisting in billing practices that violate Federal or State Laws.
- Providing false information regarding Continuing Education (CE) compliance
4
Q
Logrolling is a method of moving patients with suspected
A
Spinal Injury
5
Q
Fractures of two or more adjacent ribs is termed
A
Flail Chest
6
Q
An iatrogenic infection is the one caused by
A
Physician Intervention
7
Q
A radiographer should recognize that gerontologic patients often have undergone physical changes that include loss of (2)
A
Muscle Mass
Bone Calcium
8
Q
Examples of unintentional misconduct include (2)
A
Negligence
Malpractice
9
Q
X-ray verification of pacemaker leads placement should identify the catheter’s tip at the
A
Apex of the right ventricle
10
Q
Examples of portal of entry in the cycle of infection include (3)
A
- A break in the skin
- Nasal Mucous Membrane
- Urinary Tract
11
Q
Administration of a contrast agent for radiographic demonstration of the spinal canal and adjacent structures is performed using which of the following routes?
A
Intrathecal
12
Q
Possible side effects of an iodinated contrast medium that is administered intravenously include which of the following? (3)
A
- A warm/flushed feeling
- Altered taste
- Nausea
13
Q
If the patient suffers as a result of the radiographer’s actions, the radiographer can be charged with professional negligence. Many courts will apply res ipsa loquitor. “the thing speaks for itself.” Select the three circumstances from the following that could subject the radiographer to an accusation of negligence. (3)
A
- Imaging the wrong patient
- Cropping/masking an electronic image to make it look collimated
- Modification of EI values
14
Q
Which of the following statements regarding tracheostomy patient’s is true? (2)
A
- Tracheostomy patients have difficulty in speaking
- Audible rattling sounds indicate a need for suction
15
Q
A small container holding several doses of medication is termed
A
A vial
16
Q
You have encountered a person who is apparently unconscious and unresponsive. There is no rise and fall of the chest, and you can hear no breath sounds. You should first
A
Begin with 30 external chest compressions at a rate of 100 compression/min
17
Q
Examples of biomedical waste include (4)
A
- Laboratory and pathology waste
- Used bandages and dressings
- Chest tubes
- Bladder catheters
18
Q
Types of inflammatory bowel disease include (2)
A
- Crohn’s Disease
- Ulcerative colitis
19
Q
Misunderstanding between cultures can happen as a result of (3)
A
- Looking directly into someone’s eyes
- The use of certain gestures
- Standing too close while speaking to another
20
Q
image In terms to body mechanics, how should you carry the object? (2)
A
- Carry heavy objects close to body
- Bend knees when lifting
21
Q
Some proteins latex can produce mild-to-severe allergic reactions. Which of the following medical equipment could contain latex? (3)
A
- Stethoscopes
- Enema Tips
- Syringes
22
Q
Which of the following precautions should be used when microbes are transmitted in air or dust particles? (2)
A
- Droplet precautions
- Airborne precautions
23
Q
A large volume of medication introduced intravenously over a long period of time is termed
A
An infusion
24
Q
Conditions requiring oxygen therapy include (3)
A
- COPD
- Pneumonia
- Sleep Apnea
25
An inanimate object that has been in contact with an infectious microorganism is termed a
Fomite
26
In which stage of infection do the infective microbes begin to multiply?
Incubation period
27
A partially obstructed airway is clinically manifested in which of the following way(s) (2)
- Noisy, labored breathing
| - Nail bed and cyanosis
28
All of the following statements regarding hand hygiene and skin care are true (3)
- Hands should be cleansed before and after every exam
- Faucets should be closed and opened with paper towels
- Hands should be smooth and free from chapping
29
All of the following are correct concepts of good body mechanics during patient lifting/moving (3)
- The radiographer should stand with the feet approx 12 inches apart, with one foot slightly forward
- The body's center of gravity should be positioned over it's base of support
- The back should be kept straight; avoid twisting
30
When a patient arrives in the radiology department with a urinary Foley catheter bag, it is important to
Place the drainage bag below the level of the bladder
31
While assisting a patient onto an x-ray table, when the patient has one strong side and one weak side, the radiographer should
Start with the stronger side closer to the table
32
The radiographer can help to alleviate patient anxiety in which of the following ways? (3)
- Careful explanation of the procedure
- Avoiding use of complex medical terms
- Listening carefully to the patient
33
What does number 85 represent in the BP reading 145/85 mm Hg? (2)
- The phase of relaxation of the cardiac muscle tissue
| - Higher than desirable diastolic pressure
34
Facsimile transmission of health information is (2)
- Permitted for urgently needed patient care
| - Permitted for third-party payer hospitalization certification
35
Forms of intentional misconduct include (2)
- Slander
| - Invasion of privacy
36
Which of the following statements is correct with regard to assisting a patient from a wheelchair to an x-ray table?
The wheelchair should be angled 45 degrees to the x-ray table
37
Blood flows into the left ventricle via the
Bicuspid valve during atrial systole
38
You and a fellow radiographer have received an unconscious patient from a MVA. As you perform the examination, it is important that you (3)
- Refer to the patient by name
- Make only those statements that you would make with a conscious patient
- Reassure the patient about what you are doing
39
A cathartic is used to
Stimulate defacation
40
The most effective method of sterilization is
Moist heat
41
Of the following, Which is the most appropriate needle angle for an IV injection?
15 degrees
42
The belief that one's own cultural ways are superior to any other is termed
Ethnocentrism
43
Compliance with HIPAA standard requires which of the following? (3)
- Protected health care information is accessible to health care workers only
- A copy of authorization for release of medical information is kept on file
- Patient information computer files must be encrypted
44
Which of the following may be used to effectively reduce the viscosity of contrast media?
Warming
45
The type of shock often associated with pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction is classified as
Cardiogenic
46
Symptoms associated with a respiratory reaction to contrast media include (3)
- Sneezing
- Hoarseness
- Wheezing
47
What type of precautions is used to prevent the spread of bronchial secretions during coughing?
Airborne precautions
48
An MRI procedure is contraindicated for a patient who has
Cochlear implant
49
Blood pressure within vessels is highest during
Ventricular Systole
50
Each of the following is an example of a fomite (3)
- Doorknob
- Spoon
- X-ray table
51
Which of the following legal phrases defines a circumstance in which the actions of both the health care provider and the patient are responsible for an injurious outcome?
Contributory negligence
52
What is the first treatment for extravasation of contrast media during an IV injection?
Remove needle and apply pressure to the vein until bleeding stops
53
Which of the following diastolic pressure readings indicates hypertension?
90 mm Hg
54
To reduce the back strain that can result from moving heavy objects, the radiographer should
Push the object
55
All of the following statements regarding oxygen delivery are true (3)
- Oxygen is classified as a drug and must be prescribed by a physician
- The rate of delivery and mode of delivery must be part of a physician order for oxygen
- Oxygen may be ordered continuously or as needed for the patient
56
Examples of various diverse cultural groups include which of the following? (3)
- Generational Groups
- Socioeconomic Groups
- Handicapped Groups
57
Gas-producing powder or crystals usually are ingested preliminary to which of the following exams?
Double Contrast GI Series
58
According to the CDC, all of the following precaution guidelines are true (3)
- Airborne precautions require that the patient wears as mask
- Masks are indicated when caring for patients on MRSA precautions
- Masks are indicated when caring for a patient on droplet precautions
59
Routes of drug administration include (3)
- Sublingual
- Topical
- Parenteral
60
You are working in the outpatient department and receive a patient who is complaining of pain in the right hip joint; however the requisition asks for a left femur examination. What should you do?
Check with the referring physician
61
If a radiographer performed a lumbar spine examination on a patient who was supposed to have an elbow examination, which of the following charges may be brought against the radiographer?
Battery
62
Which of the following diagnostic examinations require(s) restriction of a patient's diet? (2)
- BE
| - Pyelogram
63
Which of the following procedures must be performed by the radiographer before entering contact isolation room with a mobile x-ray unit?
Put on gown and gloves only
64
Examples of NG tubes include (2)
- Salem sump
| - Levin
65
All of the following are central venous lines (3)
- Port-A-Cath
- PICC
- Swan-Ganz
66
Another term used to described nosocomial infections is
Health-care associated infections
67
The condition in which pulmonary alveoli lose their elasticity and become permanently inflated, causing the patient to consciously exhale, is
Emphysema
68
In pediatric imaging, a neonate is usually described as a/an
Newborn
69
A radiologic technologist can be found guilty of a tort in which of the following situations? (3)
- Performing the wrong examination on a patient
- Imaging the wrong patient
- Using patient immobilization against his or her will
70
All of the following statements regarding informed consent are true (3)
- Informed consent is required for research participation
- The physician named on the consent form must perform the procedure
- A parent or legal guardian is required to sign for a minor
71
Following pacemaker insertion, care must be taken to
Avoid elevating/abducting the patient's left arm for 24 hr
72
On reviewing a patient's blood chemistry, which of the following adult BUN ranges is considered normal?
7-20 mg/dL
73
Procedures requiring intravascular iodinated contrast agents for patients being treated with metformin for type 2 diabetes, with no indication of acute kidney disease (AKI) or severe chronic kidney disease, should receive which of the following instructions? (2)
- Do not discontinue metformin before or after receiving contrast
- Renal function reassessment not required following the examination
74
All of the following are forms of mechanical obstruction seen in neonates or infants (3)
- Meconium ileus
- Volvulus
- Intussusception
75
The pain experienced by an individual whose coronary arteries are not conveying sufficient blood to the heart is called
Angina pectoris
76
Which of the following conditions must be met in order for a patient consent to be valid? (2)
- The patient must sign the consent form before receiving sedation
- The physician named on the consent form must perform the procedure
77
The advantages of using nonionic, water-soluble contrast media include (2)
- Lox toxicity
| - Fewer adverse reactions
78
A vasovagal response experienced after injection of a contrast agent is characterized by all of the following symptoms (3)
- Nausea
- Syncope
- Anxiety
79
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding a two-member team performing mobile radiography on a patient with MRSA precautions? (2)
- One radiographer remains "clean"
| - The radiographer who positions the mobile unit also makes the exposure
80
Which of the following must be included in a patient's medical record or chart? (3)
- Diagnostic and therapeutic orders
- Medical history
- Informed consent
81
While in your care for a radiologic procedure, a patient asks to see his medical record/chart. Which of the following is the appropriate response?
Inform the patient that he has the right to see his records but he should request to view them with his physician so that they are interpreted properly
82
In which of the following conditions is a double-contrast BE essential for demonstration of the condition? (2)
- Polyps
| - Colitis
83
Pathologic microorganisms spread by direct or close contact include (3)
- MRSA
- Conjunctivitis
- Rotavirus
84
You receive an ambulatory patient for a GI series. As the patient is being seated on the x-ray table, he tells you he feels faint. You should (2)
- Lay the patient down on the x-ray table
| - Elevate the patient's leg or place the table slightly trendelenberg
85
The medical term for hives is
Urticaria
86
Blood pressure is measured in units of
Millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
87
Which ethical principle is related to sincerity and truthfulness?
Veracity
88
The medical term for congenital clubfoot is
Talipes
89
In what order should the following examinations be performed:
1. Upper GI
2. IVU
3. BE
IVU > BE > Upper GI
90
Patients are questioned regarding presence of any aneurysm clips, pacemakers, artificial heart valves, and shrapnel during screening for
MRI
91
The condition that allows blood to shunt between the right and left ventricles is called
Ventricular Septal Defect
92
A patient experiencing an episode of syncope should be placed in which of the following positions?
Dorsal Recumbent with feet elevated
93
The cycle of infection includes which of the following components? (3)
- Reservoir of infection
- Susceptible host
- Mode of transmission
94
The act of inspiration will cause elevation of the (2)
- Sternum
| - Ribs
95
What venous device can be used for patient requiring IV injections at frequent or regular intervals?
Intermittent injection port
96
Guidelines for cleaning contaminated objects or surfaces include which of the following? (2)
- Clean from the least contaminated to the most contaminated areas
- Clean from the top down
97
While performing mobile radiography on a patient, you note that the requisition is for a chest image to check placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter. A Swan-Ganz catheter is a/an
IV Catheter
98
A patient who is warm, flushed, or feverish is said to be
Febrile
99
The mechanical device used to correct an ineffectual cardiac rhythm is a
Defibrillator
100
When caring for a patient with an IV line, the radiographer should keep the medication
18-24 inches above the level of the vein
101
Diseases that require droplet precautions include (3)
- Rubella
- Mumps
- Influenza
102
A protective environment or neutropenic precautions (sometimes called expanded precautions) as indicated is required in which of the following conditions? (2)
- Burns
| - Leukemia
103
When a GI series has been requested on a patient with a suspected perforated ulcer, the type of contrast medium that should be used is
Water-soluble iodinated media
104
Nitroglycerin is used
To relieve from pain from angina pectoris
105
For medicolegal reasons, radiographic images are required to include all of the following (3)
- The patient's name or ID number
- R or L marker
- The date of the exam
106
The diameter of a needle's lumen is called its
Guage
107
Select the three symptoms/reactions that would be classified as mild anaphylactic reactions
- Tingling/itching at injection site
- Nasal congestion
- Anxious feeling
108
A patient in a recumbent position with the feet higher than the head is said to be in which of the following conditions?
Trendelenberg
109
The normal average rate of respiration for a healthy adult patient is
12-20 breaths per min
110
Which of the following is a vasopressor and may be used for an anaphylactic reaction or a cardiac arrest?
Epinephrine
111
Examples of means by which infectious microorganisms can be transmitted vid indirect contact include (2)
- Fomite
| - Soiled equipment
112
All of the following rules regarding proper hand-washing technique are correct (3)
- Keep hands and forearms lower than elbows
- Use paper towels to turn water on
- Carefully wash all surfaces and between fingers
113
Which of the following instructions should be given to a patient following a barium sulfate contrast examination? (3)
- Increase fluid and fiber intake for several days
- Changes in stool color will occur until all barium has been evacuated
- Contact a physician if no bowel movement occurs in 24 h
114
Which blood vessels are best suited for determination of pulse rate?
Superficial arteries
115
The medical abbreviation meaning "after meals" is
pc
116
Symptoms of inadequate oxygen supply include (2)
- Cyanosis
| - Retraction of intercostal spaces
117
If an emergency trauma patient experiences hemorrhaging from a leg injury, the radiographer should (2)
- Apply pressure to the bleeding site
| - Call the emergency department for assistance
118
Skin discoloration owing to cyanosis may be observed in the (2)
- Gums
| - Earlobes
119
The Controlled Substance Act divides drugs and other controlled substances into five schedules according to
Potential for abuse
120
All of the following are useful resources for non-english-speaking patient's (3)
- Automated language lines
- Special dual headset phones
- A certified interpreter
121
Which of the following is/are symptom(s) of shock? (2)
- Pallor and weakness
| - Increased pulse
122
Increased pain threshold, breakdown of skin, atrophy of fat pads and sweat glands are all important considerations when working with which of the following groups of patients?
Geriatric patients
123
The practice that is used to retard the growth of pathogenic bacteria is termed
Antisepsis
124
The usual patient preparation for an upper GI examination is
NPO 8 h before the examination
125
Successful, effective communication includes proficiency in which of the following skills? (3)
- Writing
- Speech
- Observation
126
When reviewing patient blood chemistry levels, what is considered the normal creatinine range?
0.5-1.2 mg/dL
127
Which of the following medical equipment is used to determine BP? (2)
- Stethoscope
| - Sphygmomanometer
128
Diseases whose mode of transmission is through the air include (3)
- TB
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- Rubeola
129
Nosocomial infections are those acquired from
Health care facilities
130
Tracheostomy is indicated in cases of tracheal obstruction when the obstruction is located
Above the level of the pharynx
131
In her studies on death and dying, Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross described the first stage of the grieving process as
Denial
132
Disclosing confidential information to an unauthorized individual is termed
Invasion of privacy
133
The Standard of Ethics is made up of (2)
- Code of Ethics
| - Rules of Ethics
134
Which of the following are enteral routes of drug administration? (3)
- Rectal
- Oral
- Nasogastric
135
Which of the following is the meaning of the legal doctrine res ipsa loquitur?
The thing speaks for itself
136
A localized dilatation or bulging in blood vessel wall is a/an
Aneurysm
137
A creatinine level of 2.2 mg/dL is most likely a/an
Contraindication for an IVU study
138
From the following, select the four functions that are typical of the radiographer's patient assessment prior to starting an x-ray examination
- Check admission diagnosis
- Obtain brief clinical history
- Note appearance and condition
- Notice degree of ambulation
139
Qualities of iodinated contrast agents that are less likely to contribute to side effects and reactions include all of the following (3)
- Low osmolality
- Low toxicity
- High Miscibility
140
An abnormal, acquired immune response to a substance that would not usually trigger a reaction is called a/an
Allergy
141
A diabetic patient who has taken insulin prior to a fasting radiologic examination is susceptible to
Hypoglycemic reaction
142
Positive contrast agents are associated with all of the following (3)
- High atomic number
- Iodine
- Radiopaque
143
If the patient is not capable of making decisions regarding his or her health, those rights can be exercised on their behalf by (2)
- Designated proxy
| - Designated surrogate
144
Examples of nonverbal communication include (3)
- Appearance
- Eye contact
- Touch
145
In classifying IV contrast agents, the total number of dissolved particles in solution per kilogram of water defines
Osmolality
146
The ethical principle that refers to our responsibility to keep our patient from harm and to avoid inflicting harm is
Nonmaleficence
147
Which two of the following rules most likely apply when transporting a 3 yo child from the pediatric floor to the imaging department? (2)
- The child should be transported in a crib
| - If transported via crib, the side rails must be up
148
Which of the following can be transmitted via infected blood? (2)
- HBV
| - HIV
149
Organize the Cycle of Infection components
- Infectious organism
- Reservoir of infection
- Portal of exit
- Susceptible host
- Portal of entry
- Mode of transportation
150
Methods of sterilization include (2)
- Steam under pressure
| - Ethylene oxide
151
The most frequently used intravenous injection site, which is an anastomosis between other veins, is the
Median Cubital Vein
152
When a radiographer is obtaining patient history, both subjective and objective data should be obtained. An example of subjective data is that
The patient states that he or she experiences extreme pain in the upright position
153
Therapeutic communication techniques include all of the following (3)
- Making observation
- Restating the main idea
- Establishing guidelines
154
Which of the following is the first step to be taken in the performance of a radiographic examination?
Verify patient identity
155
What document describes the minimally acceptable professional conduct for those certified by the ARRT?
Rules of Ethics
156
The request for imaging services for hospital patients generally includes which of the following information (3)
- Patient name and/or ID number
- Mode of travel to imaging department
- Name of referring physician
157
The legal document or individual authorized to make an individual's health care decisions, should the individual be unable to make them for himself or herself, is the (3)
- Advance health care directive
- Living will
- Health care proxy
158
What is the most frequently used device to supplement the oxygen in room air?
Nasal cannula
159
Suction may be required when the patient (3)
- Has excessive or very viscous secretions
- Is unconscious
- Experiences ineffective coughing
160
Instruments used to assess vital signs include (3)
- A stethoscope
- A sphygmomanometer
- A watch with a second hand
161
Examples of central venous catheters (CVCs) include the (4)
- Port-A-Cath
- Raaf
- PICC
- Hickman
162
Pacemakers are most often used to treat
Bradycardia
163
Which of the following drugs is used to treat dysrhythmias?
Lidocaine
164
In which of the following situations should a radiographer wear protective eye gear (goggles)? (2)
- When assisting the radiologist during an angiogram
| - When assisting the radiologist in a biopsy/aspiration procedure
165
A medication used to reduce fever is called
Antipyretic
