Chapter 1: Psychological Testing & Assessment

Question 1

Alfred Binet

Answer 1

Published a test designed to help place Paris schoolchildren in appropirate classes

Question 2

Testing

Answer 2

Term used to refer to everything from the administration of a test to the interpretation of a test score

Question 3

Assessment

Answer 3

Acknowledges that tests are only one type of tool used by professional assessors and that a test’s value is intimately linked to the knowledge, skill, and experience of the assessor

Question 4

Psychological Assessment

Answer 4

Gathering and integration of psychology related dagta for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation that is accomplished through the use of tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and especially designed apparatuses and measurement procedures

Question 5

Psychological Testing

Answer 5

The process of measureing psychology-related variables by means of devides or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior

Question 6

Collaborative Psychological Assessment

Answer 6

The assessor and the assessee may work as partners from initial contact through feedback

Question 7

Therapeutic Psychological Assessment

Answer 7

Collaborative approach to assessment; therapeutic self-discovery and new understandings are encouraged throughout the assessment process

Question 8

Dynamic Assessment

Answer 8

Interactive approach to psychological assessment that usually follows a model of evaluation, intervention of some sort, and evaluation; used in school settings although it can be used in correctional, corporate, neuropsychological, clinical, and most any other setting as well

Question 9

Test

Answer 9

Measuring device or procedure

Question 10

Psychological Test

Answer 10

Refers to a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, and values); involves analysis of a sample behavior

Question 11

Content

Answer 11

Subject matter of the test; varies with the focus of the particular test

Question 12

Format

Answer 12

Pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items as well as to related considerations such as time limits; used to refer to the form in which a test is administered; may be software. form or structure of other evaluative tools and processes, such as the specific procedures used in obtaining a particular type of sample

Question 13

Administration Procedure

Answer 13

May be one one-to-one basis, may require an active and knowledgeable test administration; may involve demonstration of various kinds of tasks on the part of the assessee as well as trained observation of an assessee’s performance

Question 14

Scores

Answer 14

A code or summary statement, usually but not necessarily numerical in nature, that reflects and evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview, or some other sample behavior

Question 15

Scoring

Answer 15

Process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples

Question 16

Cut Score

Answer 16

Cutoff Score; Reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divde a set of data into two or more classifications;

Question 17

Psychometric Soundness

Answer 17

Technical quality of tests; used when referring to how consistently and how accurately a psychological test measures what it purports to measure

Question 18

Psychometrics

Answer 18

Defined as the science of psychological measurement

Question 19

Psychometric

Answer 19

Adjective which refers to how measurement that is psychological in nature

Question 20

Psychometrist and Psychometrician

Answer 20

Refer to psychological test users

Question 21

Psychometric Utility

Answer 21

The usefulness or practical value that a test or assessment technique has for a particular purpose

Question 22

Measurement Procedures

Answer 22

Range from those widely labeled as tests to procedures that measurement experts might label with other, more specific terms (situational performance measures)

Question 23

Interview

Answer 23

Tool of psychological assessment; Interviewer takes note not only of the content of what is said but also the way it is being said; both verbal and nonverbal behavior is also taken note of

Question 24

Nonverbal Behavior

Answer 24

May include the interviewee’s body language, movements and facial expressions in response to the interviewer, the extent of eye contact, and aparent willingness to cooperate; also takes note of the way the the interviewee is dressed

Question 25

Interview over the phone

Answer 25

Information such as changes in the interviewee's voice pitc or the extent to which particular questions precipitate long pauses or signs of emotion in response;

Question 26

Interview

Answer 26

Method of gathering information therough direct communication involving reciprocal exchange

Question 27

Panel Interview/Board Interview

Answer 27

More than one interviewer participates in the personnel assessment; idiosyncratic biases of a lone interviewer will be minimized by the use of two or more interviewers; disadvantage is utility, the cost of using multiple interviewers may not be justified

Question 28

Portfolio

Answer 28

Consitutes of work products - whether retained on paper, canvas, film, video, audio, or some other medium

Question 29

Portfolio Assessment

Answer 29

Tool of evaluation which extends to many other fields

Question 30

Case History Data

Answer 30

Refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data items relevant to an assessee; may include files or excerpts from files maintained at institutions and agencies (schools, hospitals, employers, religious institutions, and criminal justice agencies).

Question 31

Behavioral Observation

Answer 31

Observing an individual's behavior in a situation; monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding the actions; used as a diagnostic aid in various settings such as inpatient facilities, behavioral research laboratories, and classrooms

Question 32

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 32

Observing human behavior in a natural setting - the setting in which the behavior is more likely to occur

Question 33

Role Play

Answer 33

Acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a simulated situation

Question 34

Role-Play Test

Answer 34

Tool of assessment wherein assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation

Question 35

Local Processing

Answer 35

When scoring is done on-site

Question 36

Central Processing

Answer 36

Scoring is conducted at some central location

Question 37

Teleprocessing

Answer 37

Sending test-related data to and returning from a central facility by means of phone lines, by mail, or courier

Question 38

Simple Scoring Report

Answer 38

A listing of score or scores

Question 39

Extended Scoring Report

Answer 39

More detailed, includes statistical analyses of the testtaker's performance

Question 40

Interpretative Report

Answer 40

Includes numerical or narrative interpretative statements on the report

Question 41

Consultative Report

Answer 41

A type of report, usually written in language appropriate for communication between assessment professionals, provides expert opinion concerning analysis of data

Question 42

Integrative Report

Answer 42

Employs previously collected data into the test report such as medication records or behavioral observation data

Question 43

CAPA

Answer 43

Computer Assited Psychological Assessment

Question 44

Assisted

Answer 44

Refers to the assistance computers provide to the test user, not the testtaker

Question 45

CAT

Answer 45

Computer Adaptive Testing

Question 46

Adaptive

Answer 46

Reference to the computer's ability to tailor the test to the testtaker's ability or testtaking pattern

Question 47

Who, What, Why, How, and Where of Testing and Measurement

Answer 47

Who are the parties in the assessment enterprise? In What types of settings are assessment conducted? Why is assessment conducted? How are assessments conducted? Where does one go for authoritative information about tests?

Question 48

Who are the parties?

Answer 48

Developers and publishers of tests Users of tests People who are evaluated by means of tests Society at large

Question 49

Test Developers & Publishers

Answer 49

Create tests or other methods of assessment; among these are some that were created for a specific research study, in the hope that they would be published; represent refinements or modification of existing tests

Question 50

Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

Answer 50

Covers issues related to test construction and evaluaton, test admnistration and use, and special applications of tests such as special considerations when testing linguistic minorities

Question 51

Test User

Answer 51

Wide range of professionals: clinicians, counselors, school psychologists, human resources personnel, consumer psychologists, experimental psychologists, and social psychologists

Question 52

Standards

Answer 52

Identifies who is a qualified test user and who should have access to (and be permitted to purchase) psychological tests, and related tools of psychological assessment

Question 53

Testtaker Vary in Terms of the following Variables

Answer 53

Amount and degree of test anxiety Extent of their understanding and whether they agree with the rationale of the assessment Capacity and Willingness to cooperate with examiner or comprehend writtent test instructions Amount of physical pain or emotional distress they are experiencing Amount of physical discomfort brought on by the amount of food ingested before the exam or other physical conditions Extent to which they are alert and wide awake Extent to which they are alert or wide awake Extent to which they are predisposed to agreeing or disagreeing when presented with stimulus statements Extent to which they have received prior coaching Importance they may attribute to portraying themselves in a good (or bad) light Extent to which they are lucky and can beat the odds on a multiple-choice achievement test

Question 54

Testtaker

Answer 54

Anyone who is the subject of an assessment or an evaluation can be a testtaker or an assessee;

Question 55

Psychological Autopsy

Answer 55

A reconstruction of a deceased individual's psychological profile on the basis of archival records, artifacts, and interviews previously conducted with the deceased assessee or with people who knew him or her

Question 56

Types of Settings Are Assessments Conducted, and Why?

Answer 56

Educational Settings, Clinical Settings, Counseling Settings, Geriatric Settings, Business and Military Settings, Government and organizational credentialing, and other settings

Question 57

School Ability Tests

Answer 57

Tests administered early in school life to help identify children who may have special needs

Question 58

Achievement Tests

Answer 58

Evaluates accomplishment or the degree of learning that has taken place

Question 59

Diagnosis

Answer 59

Defined as a description or conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and opinion; this conclusion is reached through a process of distinguishing the nature of something and ruling out alternative conclusions

Question 60

Diagnostic Test

Answer 60

Refers to a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention

Question 61

Informal Evaluation

Answer 61

Grades which are not based on any formal assessment; a typically nonsystematic assessment that leads to the formation of an opinion or attitude

Question 62

Clinical Settings

Answer 62

Tools are used to help screen for or diagnose behavior problems

Question 63

Situations that might prompt the employment of tools

Answer 63

``` Private psychotherapy client School psychologist Psychotherapy researcher Psychologist-Consultant Court-Appointed psychologist Prison Psychologist ```

Question 64

Clinical Settings

Answer 64

Test or measurement technique is employed with only one individual at a time

Question 65

Group Testing

Answer 65

Used primarily for screening - identifying those individuals who require further diagnostic evaluation

Question 66

Counseling Settings

Answer 66

Assessment may occur in environments such as schools, prisons, and government or privately owned institutions

Question 67

Goal of Assessments in Counseling Settings

Answer 67

Improvement of the assessee in terms of adjustment, productivity, or some related variable

Question 68

Geriatric Settings

Answer 68

Assessment is used to evaluate cognitive, psychological, adaptive, or other functioning

Question 69

Quality of Life

Answer 69

Defined from the perspective of an observer; defined from theperspective of assessees themselves and refers to one's own self-report regarding lifestyle-related variables

Question 70

Business and Military Settings

Answer 70

Assessment is used to measure a wide range of achievement, aptitude, interest, motivational and other tests in the decision to hire as well as in related decisions regarding promotions, transfer, job satisfaction, and eligibility for further training; help to diagnose needs of existing and older rands and products and identify how they might be revitalized or made more appealing in the eyes of the consumer

Question 71

Governmental and Organizational Credentialing

Answer 71

Application of measurement is in governmental licensing, certification, or general credentialing of professionals

Question 72

American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP(

Answer 72

Used to recognize excellence in the practice of psychology

Question 73

American Board of Assessment Psychology (ABAP)

Answer 73

Awards its diploma on the basis of an examination to test users, test developers, and others who have distinguished themselved in the field of testing and assessment

Question 74

Common Grounds of Testing and Measurement Procedures

Answer 74

How the assessor prepares for the assessment How the assessment is administered How the scores or results of the assessment are used How the entire record of assessment is stored

Question 75

Rapport

Answer 75

A working relationship between the examiner and the examinee; sometimes achieved with a few words of small talk when the examiner and examinee are introduced

Question 76

Obligations of Test Users after Test Administration

Answer 76

Safeguarding the test protocols | Conveying the test results in a clearly understandable fashion

Question 77

Alternate Assessment

Answer 77

An evaluative or diagnostic procedure or process that varies from the usual, customary, or standardized way a measurement is derived either by virtue of some special accommodation made to the assessee or by means of alternative methods designed to measure the same variable(s)

Question 78

Accommodation

Answer 78

Adaptation of a test, procedure, or situation, or the substitution of one test for another, to make the assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs

Question 79

Where to get information on published Tests and Assessment-Related Issues

Answer 79

Test Catalogues Test Manuals Reference Volmes Journal Articles

Question 80

Test Manual

Answer 80

Contains detailed information concerning the development of a particular test and technical information relating to it