Chapter 1 pt 2 Flashcards
Information Processing approach develops what?
-focus on the underlying cognitive processes like memory
-complex behaviour can be broken down into similar steps
-sophisticated processing strategies
What develops from cognitive neuroscience theories?
Internal processes that underline thinking, problem solving and other cognitive behaviour.
What is the basis of the humanistic perspective?
people have the natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and choose their behaviours they have free will.
What develops from the humanistic perspective?
-behaviour is guided by self worth and the need to be liked.
-Growth encouraged by a healthy welcoming environment.
-self actualization: a state where people achieve their highest potential in their own way and find fulfillment.
-Motives: Internal factors that tend to initiate or direct behaviours.
Masolows hierarchy of motives
The first need is physiological needs. the first 4 needs are deficiency motives which are physical and emotional. The last need is Self actualization and that is a being motive which is the desire to understand self and others.
Basis of contextual perspectives?
Considers the relationship between peoples physical, cognitive, personality and social worlds.
What develops from the Sociocultural theory by Vygotsky?
-children gain an understanding of the world through cooperation and play with children and adults.
-Scaffolding: learning new cognitive skills through temporary support of other skilled individuals.
Bioecological approach and what develops by Bronfenbrenner?
-Development is simultaneously influenced by different levels of an individual’s enviormnet.
-A person develops in relation to changes in 5 hierarchical levels or systems of an individual’s environment
-Individualism: Philosophy promoting personal identity and freedom
-Collectivism: Notion that well-being of the group matters more than that of the individuals
5 levels in the bioecological model.
1.Microsystem : Immediate environment has a direct influence on the Childs development.
2. Mesosyestem: Inner connections between the Microsystems
3.Excoststem: Broader influences like local government and school.
4. Macro-systems: Larger cultural influences like religions.
5. Chronosystems: the passage of time and history.
Basis of Darwins Biological perspective?
most development is guided by biological processes such as genetics and physiological processes.
What are epigenetic factors?
Molecular markers that can change gene function. Can be inherited or acquired. (Epigenetics)
Evolutionary theory basis?
Seek to identify behaviour resulting from our inherited genes from our ancestors.
What develops from evolutionary theories?
-Process of natural selection creates traits in a species that are adaptive to its environment.
-Behavioural genetics: Study of how heredity affects behaviour and causes individual differences.
-Evolutionary Psychology : Hard wired cognitive and social thinking patterns which have been shaped by time
What is the scientific method?
The process of posing and answering questions using careful, controlled techniques that include systematic orderly observation and the collection of data.
Correlational vs experimental research?
Correlational: Seeks to identify if there is a relationship between two factors but it does not prove causality.
Experimental research is designed to discover causal relationships between two factors.
