Chapter 1 Review Questions

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

study of how living organisms preform their vital functions

Question 3

anatomy and physiology are related because

Answer 3

anatomical info gives clues abt functions and physiology processes can be explained w/ anatomy terms. think structure defines function

Question 4

gross anatomy

Answer 4

involves LARGE structures (macroscopic) can be seen with the unaided eye

Question 5

microscopic anatomy

Answer 5

involves SMALL structures that human eyes can not see

Question 6

what are specialties of physiology

Answer 6

cell, organ, systemic, pathological

Question 7

why is it difficult to separate anatomy and physiology

Answer 7

because the structure and function of the body are closely related

Question 8

what are the major organ systems

Answer 8

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, male reproductive, female reproductive

Question 9

name the levels of organization, simplest to most complex

Answer 9

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 10

what are the structures of the integumentary system

Answer 10

hair, skin, nails, sweat glands

Question 11

what are the structures of the skeletal system

Answer 11

cone, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow

Question 12

what are the structures of the muscular system

Answer 12

muscles, tendons

Question 13

what are the structures of the nervous system

Answer 13

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

Question 14

what are the structures of the endocrine system

Answer 14

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, tissues

Question 15

what are the structures of the cardiovascular system

Answer 15

heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 16

what are the structures of the lymphatic system

Answer 16

spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

Question 17

what are the structures of the respiratory system

Answer 17

nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

Question 18

what are the structures of the digestive

Answer 18

teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 19

what are the structures of the urinary

Answer 19

kidney, bladder, ureters, urethra

Question 20

what are the structures of the male reproductive system

Answer 20

testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal glands, prostate gland, penis, scrotum

Question 21

what are the structures of the female reproductive

Answer 21

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammy glands

Question 22

at which level of organization does a histologist investigate structures

Answer 22

tissue level of organization

Question 23

medical terminology

Answer 23

a special language that involves using roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combing forms to construct medical terms

Question 24

eponym

Answer 24

commemorative name for a mythical person

Question 25

what is the book that serves as the international standards for anatomical terms

Answer 25

terminologia anatomica (TA)

Question 26

what is the purpose of anatomical terms

Answer 26

provide a standardized frame or reference for describing the human body

Question 27

describe the anterior view and posterior view for a body in the anatomical position

Answer 27

an anterior view is seen from the front and posterior view is from the back

Question 28

name 2 essential functions of the body cavities of the trunk

Answer 28

protect internal organs. permits the organs to change in size and shape

Question 29

describe the various body cavities of the trunk

Answer 29

thoracic cavity includes the pleural and pericardial cavities (encloses the lungs and heart). abdominopelvic cavity contains the peritoneal cavity (which contains the superior abdominal cavity and the inferior pelvic cavity)

Question 30

homeostasis

Answer 30

the existence of a stable internal environment

Question 31

which mechanism of homeostatic regulation always involves the nervous or endocrine system

Answer 31

extrinsic regulation

Question 32

why is homeostasis important to an organism

Answer 32

prevents potentially disruptive changes in the body's internal environment

Question 33

the study of the structure of tissues is called

Answer 33

histology

Question 34

the increasingly forceful labor contractions during childbirth are an example of

Answer 34

positive feedback

Question 35

failure of homeostatic regulation in the body results in

Answer 35

disease

Question 36

a plane through the body that passes perpendicular to the long axis of the body into a superior and an inferior section is a

Answer 36

transverse section

Question 37

which body cavity would enclose the heart

Answer 37

pericardial cavity

Question 38

which body cavity would enclose the small intestine and large intestine

Answer 38

peritoneal cavity

Question 39

which body cavity would enclose the lungs

Answer 39

pleural cavity

Question 40

which body cavity would enclose the kidneys

Answer 40

abdominal (abdominopelvic) cavity

Question 41

the mediastinum is the region between the

Answer 41

two pleural cavities

Question 42

the two major body cavities of the trunk are the

Answer 42

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 43

what distinguishes autoregulation from extrinsic regulation

Answer 43

autoregulation occurs when the activities of a cell change automatically when faced with an environmental change. extrinsic regulation results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system

Question 44

describe the anatomical position

Answer 44

the body is erect, and the hands are at the sides w/ palms forward

Question 45

which sectional plane could divide the body so that the face remains intact

Answer 45

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 46

which of the following is NOT an example of negative feedback A) increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure B) a rise in blood calcium levels triggers to release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium C) a rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus D) increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store blood sugar

Answer 46

C

Question 47

explain the function of negative feedback systems

Answer 47

they provide long-term control over the body's internal conditions

Question 48

what happens to the body when homeostasis breaks down

Answer 48

organ systems function less efficiently, results in disease or death

Question 49

explain how a positive feedback system works

Answer 49

it amplifies the effects of a stimulus

Question 50

why is a positive feedback helpful in blood clotting but unsuitable for the regulation of body temp

Answer 50

it would cause a slight fever to spiral out of control, with fatal results

Question 51

equilibrium

Answer 51

constantly changing state in which two opposing forces are in balance

Question 52

when the body continuously adapts by using homeostatic mechanisms, it is said to be in a state of __________ equilibrium

Answer 52

dynamic

Question 53

the hormone insulin is released from the pancreas in response to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. if this hormone is controlled by negative feedback, what effect would insulin have on the blood glucose level

Answer 53

this hormone should decrease blood glucose, thus decreasing the stimulus for its own release

Question 54

a stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, causing brain cells to die. why might a stroke result in a rise or fall in normal body temp.

Answer 54

the hypothalamus lies in the brain, which controls body temp, this is why a stroke causes a change in body temp