Chapter 1: Self, Family, and Community

Question 1

Define Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being, not merely the absence of disease

Question 2

Define well-being

Answer 2

A relative state. A sense of how you feel and think your life is going

Question 3

Physical Health

Answer 3

Biological integrity

Question 4

Mental Health

Answer 4

Emotional and intellectual capabilities; or an individual’s subjective sense of well-being

Question 5

Social Health

Answer 5

the ability to interact effectively with others and the social environment.

Question 6

Spiritual Health

Answer 6

one’s connectedness to self, to significant others, and to the community.

Question 7

Sociological model of health

Answer 7

identifies the complex levels and interrelationships that influence your health.
Your unique set of characteristics.
Your social and physical environments.

Question 8

Social determinants of health

Answer 8

external factors that influence an individual’s health
economic status, educational attainment, literacy, working conditions, housing, transportation, social support networks and access to healthcare services

Question 9

Environmental Factors that influence health

Answer 9

Built Factors: human-made components. Housing, traffic, schools, sanitation
Natural Factors: Air, water quality, weather, environmental hazards, natural settings

Question 10

Population Health

Answer 10

the study of health outcomes in or between groups of people

Question 11

Health Disparities

Answer 11

differences in health outcomes between specific groups of people (such as racial/ethnic groups)

Question 12

Ethnicity

Answer 12

Sense of identity drawn from a common ancestry

Question 13

Race

Answer 13

Physical characteristics such as skin color and facial features

Question 14

Public health

Answer 14

A discipline that focuses on the health of populations of people

Question 15

Health promotion

Answer 15

Actions designed to maintain current health conditions or encourage a better one

Question 16

Disease prevention

Answer 16

Defensive actions to ward off illness

Question 17

Public health systems

Answer 17

Government, private, and voluntary agencies

Question 18

Federal agencies

Answer 18

Department of health and human services: CDC, FDA, NIH, IHS

Question 19

Community

Answer 19

Interdependence between people and organizations in a particular region

Question 20

Community Health

Answer 20

activities directed towards improving health of people within a community

Question 21

Health-Related Behavior choices

Answer 21

actions a person takes that affects their health (food choices, exercise, etc..)

Question 22

Health-Belief Model

Answer 22

a framework for understanding why people make certain health choices

Question 23

Perceptions that influence health behavious

Answer 23

-Perceived Susceptibility (Do you believe you are at risk for a problem?)
-Perceived seriousness of consequences
-Perceived benefits of specific action
-Perceived barriers to taking action

Question 24

The Stages of Change Model

Answer 24

change happens as a process- not a one-time event.

Question 25

The Stages of Change

Answer 25

Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination

Question 26

Health Literacy

Answer 26

Ability to read, understand and act on health information

Question 27

Health Risk

Answer 27

probability of exposure to a health hazard with negative consequences

Question 28

Factors contributing to health risk

Answer 28

age, gender, behaviors, family history, income, education, geographical location, etc..

Question 29

Basic Medical Research

Answer 29

conducts work on a cellular level or in animals. Contributes to a baseline of scientific knowledge.

Question 30

Epidemiological Studies

Answer 30

Scientists use interviews, surveys, and measurements to study large groups of people (cohorts) to identify relationships between risk factors and disease over time

Question 31

Clinical Studies

Answer 31

scientists study people receiving treatment, screening, diagnostic test or other intervention to identify if it produces a particular effect

Question 32

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 32

genetic instructions stored within the nucleus of a cell. consists of two large strands arranged in a double helix.

Question 33

Building Blocks of DNA

Answer 33

Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) C ---- G A ---- T

Question 34

Genome

Answer 34

a total set of an organism's DNA DNA is divided into 23 pairs of chromosomes (one set comes from each parent)

Question 35

Chromosome

Answer 35

the gene carrying structure found within the nucleus, composed of DNA molecules

Question 36

Female chromosomes

Answer 36

XX

Question 37

Male chromosomes

Answer 37

XY

Question 38

Gene

Answer 38

A-T-G-C DNA combinations Each chromosome contains hundreds of genes

Question 39

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Answer 39

Protein-coding templates RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids, creating a protein with a specific function

Question 40

Differentiation

Answer 40

process by which an unspecialized cell divides and gives rise to a specialized cell

Question 41

Stem Cell

Answer 41

Undifferentiated cell that is capable of giving rise to various specialized cells

Question 42

Mutation

Answer 42

an alteration in the DNA sequence of a gene. the change of sequences causes different instructions to be sent to cells. Not all mutations are harmful

Question 43

Allele

Answer 43

alternative forms of a gene

Question 44

Multifactorial disorder

Answer 44

health conditions are caused by interactions between genes, environment, and health behaviors