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KNSS 253: Sports Psychology > Chapter 1 Slides > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Define sport and exercise psychology.

A

scientific study of people and their behaviours in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge

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2
Q

What is positive psychology?

A
  • focus on what makes normal life fulfilling

- examines well-being, satisfaction, fulfillment, pleasure, and happiness

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3
Q

Sport and exercise specialists enhance:

A
  • performance
  • social and physical well-being
  • life satisfaction
  • positive emotions
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4
Q

Describe sport psychology in layman’s terms.

A
  • Enhance human potential and performance.
  • Coping strategies in response to stress and anxiety.
  • Understand human behaviour in specific situations (competitive, training, and social).
  • Explains “under-performance” and poor performances.
  • Understand human motivation.
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5
Q

What do sport and exercise psychologists do?

A
  • Help elite athletes achieve peak performance (Army as well)
  • Develop strategies to encourage sedentary people to exercise.
  • Use exercise as a treatment for depression.
  • Physical education for the mentally and physically disabled.
  • Physical education with children.
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6
Q

What are the 2 objectives of sport and exercise psychology?

A
  • Understand the effects of psychological factors on physical and motor performance.
  • understand the effects of participation in physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being
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7
Q

Name 3 questions associated with the first objective of sport psych.

A
  • Can imagery aid in injury recovery?
  • Do routines improve anxiety levels in free throw shooting?
  • Does self-confidence play a role in running faster?
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8
Q

Name 2 questions associated with the second objective of sport psych.

A
  • Does physical activity reduce stress?

- Does daily physical education improve self-esteem?

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9
Q

What are the 3 roles of sport and exercise psychologists?

A
  • research
  • teaching
  • consulting
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10
Q

What are the 2 specializations of sport psychology?

A
  • clinical sport psychologists

- educational sport psychologists

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11
Q

What do clinical sport psychologists do?

A

detect and treat emotional disorders: eating disorders and substance abuse (ex. female athlete triad)

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12
Q

What is the female athlete triad?

A

eating disorders (or low energy availability), amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea, and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present

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13
Q

What do educational sport psychologists do?

A
  • Extensive training is sport and exercise science, physical education.
  • Implement the development of psychological skills.
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14
Q

Clinical sport psych consists of what range?

A

abnormal to normal

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15
Q

Educational sport psych consists of what range?

A

normal to supernormal

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16
Q

Describe the study by Carol Dwet on praise.

A
  • half praised for their intelligence, half praised for their effort
  • effort group more willing to challenge a hard test
  • effort group less likely to give up on impossible test
  • effort group did better on another easy test
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17
Q

What is fixed mindset?

A
  • belief that their intelligence, personality, and character are carved in stone
  • potential is determined at birth
18
Q

What is growth mindset?

A
  • belief that their intelligence, personality and character can be developed
  • a person’s true potential is unknown (and unknowable)
19
Q

How long has sport psych been recognized as a practice?

A

over 100 years

20
Q

How many historical periods are there in sport psych?

A

6 periods

21
Q

What is period 1? What are the dates?

A
  • the early years

- 1893 to 1920

22
Q

What is period 2? What are the dates?

A
  • the griffith era

- 1921 to 1938

23
Q

What is period 3? What are the dates?

A
  • preparation for the future

- 1939 to 1965

24
Q

What is period 4? What are the dates?

A
  • establishment of academic sport psychology

- 1966 to 2000

25
Q

What is period 5? What are the dates?

A
  • multidisciplinary science and practice in sport and exercise psychology
  • 1978 to 2000
26
Q

What is period 6? What are the dates?

A
  • contemporary sport and exercise psychology

- 2001 to present

27
Q

Describe science vs practice.

A
  • scientifically-derived knowledge vs professional practice knowledge
  • DK theory of knowledge (don’t know vs damn konfident)
28
Q

What type of relationship exists between science and practice?

A

reciprocal

29
Q

What are the 6 methods of knowing?

A
  • Scientific method
  • Systematic observation
  • Single case study
  • Shared (public) experience
  • Introspection
  • Intuition
30
Q

What are the strengths of scientifically derived knowledge?

A
  • highly reliable
  • systemic and controlled
  • objective and unbiased
31
Q

What are the limitations of scientifically derived knowledge?

A
  • reductionistic, conservative: often slow to evolve

- lack of focus on external validity (practicality)

32
Q

What are the strengths of knowledge derived from professional practice?

A
  • holistic
  • innovative
  • immediate
33
Q

What are the limitations of knowledge derived from professional practice?

A
  • less reliable
  • lack of explanations
  • greater susceptibility to bias
34
Q

Describe the science of sport psych.

A

the science of coaching, teaching, or leadership focuses on using general scientific principles

35
Q

Describe the art of sport psych.

A
  • the art of coaching, teaching or leadership is knowing when and how to individualize these general principles
  • contextual intelligence is critical
36
Q

What are the 3 orientations of sport psychology?

A
  • psychophysiological
  • psychosocial
  • cognitive-behavioral
37
Q

Describe the psychophysiological orientation.

A
  • study the behaviour through its underlying psychophysiological processes occurring in the brain and their influence on sport/PA
  • study behaviour in sport and exercise
38
Q

Describe the psychosocial orientation.

A

Focus on how behavior is determined by a complex interaction between the environment and one’s personal makeup.

39
Q

Describe the cognitive-behavioural orientation.

A
  • Assume that behavior is determined by both the environment and cognition, with thoughts and interpretation playing an especially important role.
  • Implementation of psychometric measures (self-confidence, anxiety, motivation, imagery
40
Q

What are 10 points made about the present and future of sport and exercise psych?

A
  • More people are interested in acquiring training in psychological skills and applied work.
  • There is greater emphasis on counseling and clinical training for sport and exercise psychologists.
  • Ethics and competence issues are receiving greater emphasis.
  • Specialization and new subspecialties are developing.
  • Tension continues to exist between practitioners of academic and applied sport psychology.
  • Qualitative research methods are receiving more attention
  • Applied sport psychologists have more work opportunities than ever but only limited chances for full-time positions.
  • Sport psychology is gaining increased acceptance and recognition of its usefulness.
  • The positive psychology movement in general psychology helps sport and exercise psychology expand into new areas such as business, music, and the performing arts.
  • Embracing the globalization of sport and exercise psychology is paramount for contemporary students of the field and will increase in years to come.
41
Q

What are the 6 ethical standards for sport and exercise psychologists?

A
  • competence
  • integrity
  • professional and scientific responsibility
  • respect for people’s rights and dignity
  • concern for the welfare of others
  • social responsibility
42
Q

How can lessons learned in high performance sport be applied to business?

A
  • corporate athlete notion: helps people in business reach their ideal performance states through principles of sport psych
  • sustain high business performance through leadership development seminars, team building, one-on-one coaching

KNSS 253: Sports Psychology (19 decks)

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