chapter 1 - states of matter

Question 1

*describe how particles in a solid are arranged:

Answer 1

fixed, regular pattern.

Question 2

*describe how particles in a liquid are arranged:

Answer 2

irregular, random pattern.

Question 3

*describe how particles in a gas are arranged:

Answer 3

random, indefinite pattern.

Question 4

*describe the particle separation in solids:

Answer 4

closely packed.

Question 5

*describe the particle separation in liquids:

Answer 5

fairly apart.

Question 6

*describe the particle separation in gases:

Answer 6

far apart.

Question 7

*describe the forces of attraction in solids:

Answer 7

strong forces of attraction

Question 8

*describe the forces of attraction in liquids:

Answer 8

weaker forces of attraction

Question 9

*describe the forces of attraction in gases:

Answer 9

negligible forces of attraction/ none

Question 10

*describe the movement of particles in a solid:

Answer 10

vibrate about fixed position.

Question 11

*describe the movement of particles in a liquid:

Answer 11

collide and slid past each other slowly.

Question 12

*describe the movement of particles in a gas:

Answer 12

move quickly and freely in all directions.

collide with each other and with the walls of their container.

Question 13

describe shape and volume of solids:

Answer 13

fixed shape and volume.

Question 14

describe shape and volume of liquids:

Answer 14

shape is not fixed, as it takes the shape of its container.

fixed volume.

Question 15

describe shape and volume of gases:

Answer 15

shape is not fixed, as it expands to fill out its container and can be compressed.
volume also not fixed.

Question 16

why do solids, liquids and gases have different physical properties?

Answer 16

because of the difference in how their particles are arranged.

Question 17

*what is meant by:

Brownian motion

Answer 17

the random movement of particles in a liquid or gas produced by large numbers of collisions with smaller, often invisible particles.
particles follow a random zigzag, jagged path.

Question 18

*state evidence for Brownian motion:

Answer 18

the observed jerky and erratic motion of smoke particles as they are hit by unseen molecules in the air, which can be seen under a microscope.

Question 19

*what does the observation of Brownian motion also prove?

Answer 19

it is used as evidence for the kinetic particle model of matter.

Question 20

*describe and explain/ define:

diffusion

Answer 20

the process in which particles mix by colliding randomly with each other and bouncing off in all directions.
Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until they are evenly mixed.

Question 21

*describe and explain the dependence of rate of diffusion on molecular mass:

Answer 21

lighter gas particles travel faster.
At the same temperature, different gases do not diffuse at the same rate.
This is due to the difference in their relative molecular masses.

Question 22

*describe how temperature of a gas affects the motion of its particles:

Answer 22

when you heat a gas in a closed container, its pressure increases.
particle take in the neat energy and change it to KE and start moving faster.
(faster diffusion)

Question 23

*describe how pressure of a gas affects the motion of its particles:

Answer 23

when you compress a gas, its pressure increases.
particles are closer together so more successful collisions take place.
(faster diffusion)