Chapter 1 - Structure Bonding Flashcards
(30 cards)
The electron density is highest at the ____ and drops of exponentially ________
Nucleus, as distance from the nucleus increases
As n increases, the shells are
Farther from the nucleus and higher in energy
There are ___ 2p orbitals oriented at ___ angles to each other
Three, right angles
What is the octet rule?
Electrons are transferred or shared between atoms to obtain a complete octet
When electrons are shared evenly, the bond is said to be ______
Nonpolar covalent
When electrons are not shared evenly between the atoms, the bond is _____
Polar covalent
Electronegativities can be used to predict _____ and ____
Bond polarity, direction of the dipole moment
Formal charge equation
FC = [group number] - [nonbonding electrons] - 1/2 [shared electrons]
Spreading electrons over multiple atoms (delocalization) leads to _________
Greater stability
True or False
Resonance forms are Lewis Structures that can be inter converted by moving electrons but not atoms
True, atoms can never be moved
Resonance forms can be compared using the following criteria:
- Has as many octets as possible
- Has as many bonds as possible
- Has the negative charge on the most electronegative atom and/or positive charge on the most electro positive atom
- Has as little charge separation as possible
Molecular vs empirical formula
Number of atoms of each element vs relative ratios of each element present
Combining atomic orbitals between two DIFFERENT atoms is ____
Bond formation —> Molecular orbitals
Combining orbitals on the SAME atom is ______
Hybridization
The bonding molecular orbital is ____ in energy than the original atomic orbitals
Lower (electrons get filled)
The anti bonding MO is ____ in energy than the atomic orbitals
Higher
A double bond consists of a ____ bond and a ___ bond
Sigma, pi
A triple bond consists of a ____ bond and two ____ bonds
Sigma, pi
Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory is used to _______
Explain the molecular shape of molecules
SP hybrid orbitals result when
Orbitals in the same atom combine
What shape is associated with sp hybrid orbitals?
Linear electron pair geometry (180 degree bond angles)
Sp2 hybrid orbitals form when
One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to form 3 sp2 orbitals
What shape is associated with sp2 hybrid orbitals?
Trigonal planar geometry (120 degree bond angle)
Sp3 hybrid orbitals form when
One s and 3 p orbitals combine to form four sp3 orbitals
