Chapter 1 Study Questions Flashcards
(24 cards)
What some steps of the the perceptual process?
The process begins with a stimulus in the environment, and ends with the conscious experience of perceiving the tree, recognizing the tree, and taking action with respect to the tree.
What is an example of an environmental stimulus?
A tree
What is the principle of transformation?
Stimuli and responses created by stimuli are transformed, or changed, between the environmental stimulus and perception
What constitutes the eye’s optical system?
The cornea at the front of the eye and the lens directly behind it
what is the principle of representation?
Everything a person perceives is based not on direct contact with stimuli but on the representations of stimuli that are formed on the receptors and on activity in the person’s nervous system.
What are sensory receptors?
Sensory receptors are cells specialized to respond to environmental energy, with each sensory system’s receptors specialized to respond to a specific type of energy.
Visual receptors
respond to light, auditory receptors to pressure changes in the air, touch receptors to pressure transmitted through the skin, and smell and taste receptors to chemicals entering the nose and mouth
What is a visual pigment?
a light-sensitive chemical which reacts to light
What is transduction?
It is the transformation of one form of energy to another form.
What does the visual pigments shape?
The visual pigments shape perception, both because the ability to see dim light depends on having a high concentration of pigment in the receptors and because there are different types of pigments.
Once transduction occurs, signals enter a vast interconnected network of neurons
This complex network of neurons 1) transmits signals from the receptors, through the retina, to the brain, and then within the brain;2) changes ( or processes) these signals as they are transmitted.
Neural Processing
The changes in signals that occur as they are transmitted through the maze of neurons.
The primary receiving area for vision occupies most of the
occipital lobe
The area for hearing is located in part of the
temporal lobe
the area for the skin senses - touch, temperature and pain is located in an area in the
parietal lobe
Which part of the brain receives signals from all of the senses, and it plays an important role in perceptions that involve the coordination of information received through two or more senses
frontal lobe
what is the difference between perception and recognition?
Perception is conscious awareness of the tree and recognition is placing an object in a category such as “ tree” that gives its meaning.
What is visual form agnosia?
an inability to recognize objects
What is knowledge?
any information that the perceiver brings to a situation
Bottom up processing
( also called data-based processing) is processing that is based on the stimuli reaching the receptors. These stimuli provide the starting point for perception, because without receptor activation there is no perception.
Top-down processing
( Also called knowledge-based processing) refers to processing that is based on knowledge.
Psychophysical approach to studying perception
measures the relationship between the stimuli and the behavioural response
What is the oblique effect?
Is the better detail vision for verticals or horizontals compared to slanted lines.
What is the physiological approach?
It is the measuring of two relationships, the relationship between stimuli and physiological responses, and the relationship between physiological responses and behavioural responses.
