Quiz 3 - Chapters 4-6 Flashcards
(25 cards)
The ________ can be described as the electronic map of the retina on the cortex.
he correct answer is: retinotopic map
The retinotopic map on the LGN has been determined by recording from neurons in the ______ .
The correct answer is: LGN
The arrangement of ocular dominance columns in the cortex is best described as
The correct answer is: columns for both the left eye and right eye in each hypercolumn.
In Ungerleider and Mishkin’s (1982) research, monkeys who had had their temporal lobes removed had difficulty
he correct answer is: discriminating between objects.
The results of the patient D.F., who had visual form agnosia
The correct answer is: show that perception and action are independent of each other in the brain.
An area in the _______ called the ___________ is specialized to recognize faces.
The correct answer is: temporal lobe; FFA
Gauthier et al.’s Greeble finding is consistent with the ______ hypothesis.
The correct answer is: expertise
Computers are better than humans at perceiving objects because
Select one:
he correct answer is: none of these; humans are better than computers at object perception.
Structuralists would be most likely to endorse which of the following statements?
The correct answer is: Perceptions can be explained by the sensations that make them up.
Alyson looks at a picture of arrows and sees white arrows pointing to the right against a black background. She looks at the picture longer, and then sees black arrows pointing to the left against a white background. Her perception of the this stimulus is an example of
The correct answer is: perceptual segregation.
Humans need approximately ____ to perceive the gist of a scene.
The correct answer is: 250 milliseconds
The _______ effect is that humans perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations.
The correct answer is: oblique
In studies with monkeys, Sheinberg and Logothetis (1997) presented a butterfly to one eye and a sunburst pattern to the other eye. This research demonstrated that
The correct answer is: changes in perception are linked to cortical neural firing.
The ability to recognize faces at an adult level does not develop until approximately
The correct answer is: 18 years of age.
Vaco is playing basketball, and does a “no-look” pass to a teammate. This demonstrates the idea that attention
The correct answer is: can occur without directly looking at the object.
“Learning from past experience” as a factor involved in attention was demonstrated by Shinoda et al. (2001), who showed that drivers are more likely to detect stop signs when they were positioned
The correct answer is: at the intersection.
The important finding of Carrasco et al.’s (2004) research was that
The correct answer is: the attended-to grating is perceived to have a higher contrast than another, identical grating.
Simons and Chabris showed a video of students passing a basketball and asked participants to count how many passes made. In the video, a person in a gorilla suit walked through the basketball players for 5 seconds. Approximately how many of the participants failed to report seeing the “gorilla”?
The correct answer is: 46
In the ________ procedure participants attend to a central task, but also have to complete a peripheral task.
The correct answer is: dual-task
R.M., a patient with Balint’s syndrome, reported illusory conjunctions
The correct answer is: even if he was presented the two stimuli for 10 seconds.
Describe how an object such as a tree is represented in the striate cortex.
basically objects are represented by location columns and orientation columns in the striate cortex
State, define, and give an example (in words and/or drawings) for each of five Gestalt principles of perceptual organization.
Principle of good continuation:
points that when connected result in straight or smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together, and the lines tend to be seen in such a way as to follow the smoothest part. The principle operates on surfaces as well: Objects that are partially covered by other objects are seen as continuing behind the covering object.
Example: In the rope magic trick, we were able to see that if you cut a rope and then hold the cut parts together in one hand so that the ends look to be “ glue” together, the audience will perceive the role as one long one and not 2 pieces together. If you are looking at a street lamp from a distance, and a car is located in such a way that the is not fully seen, you can deduce that the lamp pole goes from top to bottom and is not cut in parts where the car is preventing you from seeing the lamp.
Principle of similarity:
Principle of similarity: Similar things appear to be grouped together.
Example: when you are looking at a ball pit, all the balls together seem to belong together. If you thrown in there a teddy bear, it will not belong as it does not match the other objects.
Principle of proximity or nearness:
Things that are near each other appear to be grouped together.
Example: if you see many squares together, they seem to be part of the same scene. So in an image, the tiny pixels are seeing as belonging together instead of independent pixels.
Principle of common region:
Principle of common region: Elements that are within the same region of space appear to be grouped together.
Example: When you see multiple similar objects, such as a group of pencil cases with blue pens inside, the pens will see as belonging to the pencil case and not to the general group of pens.
Principle of uniform connectedness:
A connected region of the same visual properties, such as lightness, color, texture, or motion, is perceived as a single unit.
Example: if you have 2 objects attached to each other, for example a shoestring attached to another shoestring, they are perceived as a unit.
Principle of Pragnanz:
also called the principle of good figure or simplicity, is the central principle of Gestalt psychology: Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible.
Example: If you see a square with a triangle together, they are seen as a square and triangle which are simple objects and not a complicated combination of triangle and circle. Also the olympic symbol, you see as circles and not one oddly shaped figure.
Summarize two research studies that show the influence of semantic regularities on perceptual organization.
must discuss 2 research studies - 1. the Palmer study on context 2. the study on “the blob”
Discuss the three factors involved in determining what we fixate on in a visual scene.
Three factors that brings our attention to focus are :
Stimulus Salience : the physical properties of an object such as color and contrast, makes you notice an object. If you see an object that doesnt belong to a picture, for example, a hot dog in the middle of a pool, that will capture your attention.
Selection Based on Cognitive Factors: people have scene schemas, which are preexisting notion of how a common scene should look like. This is also call top-down processing in which your knowledge of a scene, such as the beach or a playground, will help you perceive the scene faster. So if a person looks at a beach and see a tractor, the vehicle wont belong to the scene. In an experiment, this would cause people to look longer at the tractor than the beach sand for example.
Task Demands: Attention is usually given to the task you are performing. If you are brushing your teeth, you would focus on picking the toothbrush, then toothpaste and then carrying the toothbrush to your mouth.
