Chapter 1-terms

Question 1

What is analytical chemistry?

Answer 1

It is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering, and medicine.

Question 2

When was the rover Curiosity launched?

Answer 2

In the late 2011

Question 3

When did the rover Curiosity arrive on Mars?

Answer 3

August 6, 2012

Question 4

What is the goal of the rover Curiosity?

Answer 4

To survey carbon compound sources, search for organic compounds important to life, reveal the chemical and isotopic states of several elements, determine the composition of the Martin atmosphere, and search for noble gas and light element isotopes.

Question 5

This analysis establishes the chemical identity of the species in the sample.

Answer 5

Qualitative analysis

Question 6

This analysis indicates the amount of each substance in a sample.

Answer 6

Quantitative analysis

Question 7

These are the components of a sample that are determined

Answer 7

Analytes

Question 8

What are the two analytical instruments that incorporate a separation step as a necessary part of the analytical process?

Answer 8

Gas chromatography and mass spectrometer

Question 9

Chemistry is also often called as the (blank)

Answer 9

The central science

Question 10

What are the two measurements that are used to compute the results of a typical quantitative analysis?

Answer 10

The mass or the volume of sample being analyzed
quantity that is proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample such as mass, volume, intensity of light, or electrical charge.

Question 11

What are the four quantitative analytical methods?

Answer 11

gravimetric methods
volumetric methods
electroanalytical methods
spectroscopic methods

Question 12

When do we use gravimetric methods?

Answer 12

To determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it.

Question 13

When do we use the volumetric methods?

Answer 13

To measure the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte.

Question 14

When do we use electroanalytical methods?

Answer 14

To measure electrical properties such as potential, current, resistance, and quantity of electrical charge.

Question 15

When do we use spectroscopic methods?

Answer 15

To explore the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules or the emission of radiation b analytes.

Question 16

What is the essential first step in any quantitative analysis?

Answer 16

The selection of a method

Question 17

What is one of the first questions that must be considered in the selection process?

Answer 17

The level of accuracy required.
Time and money are proportional to the accuracy and high reliability of the analysis.

Question 18

When can a material be considered heterogeneous?

Answer 18

If its constituent parts can be distinguished visually or with the aid of a microscope.

Examples of heterogeneous are: coal, animal tissue, and soil

Question 19

What is an assay?

Answer 19

It is the process of determining how much of a given sample is the material by its indicated name.

Question 20

What is sampling?

Answer 20

It is the process of collecting a small mass of a material whose composition accurately represents the bulk of the material being sampled.

Question 21

What are portions of a material of approximately the same seize that are carried through an analytical procedure at the same time and in the same way

Answer 21

Replicates

Question 22

It improves the quality of the results and provides a measure of their reliability

Answer 22

Replication

Question 23

It is a species other than the analyte that affect the final measurement.

Answer 23

Interferences

Question 24

What is interference?

Answer 24

It is a species that causes an error in an analysis by enhancing or attenuating (making smaller) the quantity being measured.

Question 25

What is the matrix or sample matrix

Answer 25

It is the collection of all of the components in the sample containing an analyte.

Question 26

Techniques or reactions that work for only one analyte are said to be what?

Answer 26

Specific

Question 27

Techniques or reactions that apply to only a few analytes are said to be what?

Answer 27

Selective

Question 28

It is the process of determining k is an important step in most analyses; this step is called?

Answer 28

calibration

Question 29

it is the process of determining the proportionality between analyte concentration and a measured quantity

Answer 29

Calibration

Question 30

What is a feedback system?

Answer 30

The process of continuous measurement and control.

Question 31

What is a feedback loop?

Answer 31

It is the cycle of measurement, comparison, and control.