Chapter 1 Terms

Question 1

A way of reasoning with tools, methods and mathematics to help understand data sets

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

Facts in numeric(ordinal), nominal, ration, or interval format used to quantify or describe subjects

Answer 2

Data

Question 3

The people or things about which we are interested in understanding

Answer 3

Subjects

Question 4

Inanimate objects or laboratory animals used as subjects of research

Answer 4

Experimental units

Question 5

A structured set of questions used to gather data from subjects

Answer 5

Survey

Question 6

A measurable characteristic about subjects used to quantify or describe subjects

Answer 6

Variable

Question 7

A subject who responds to questions from a survey

Answer 7

Respondent

Question 8

A person who participates as a subject in research, often referred to as a subject

Answer 8

Participant

Question 9

The nominally defined subjects for which variables are measured and compared

Answer 9

Elements

Question 10

Facts comparing one thing to other similar things in a category or class

Answer 10

Cross-sectional data

Question 11

Facts gathered over time for the purpose of observing trends

Answer 11

Time series Data

Question 12

A computer program for storing, sorting, and manipulating data

Answer 12

Spreadsheet or worksheet

Question 13

Columns and rows of data

Answer 13

Data table

Question 14

Set of data describing a particular subject, element, or experimental unit

Answer 14

Record

Question 15

Set of elements drawn from a population of similar elements

Answer 15

Sample

Question 16

A sample composed of randomly identified subjects used to minimize survey bias

Answer 16

Random Sample

Question 17

A computer program used to randomize data sets to selecting a random sample

Answer 17

Randomizing Program

Question 18

Preconceived ideas or beliefs of researchers that can influence surveys and research conclusions

Answer 18

Bias

Question 19

The variability occurring among multiple samples taken from the same population

Answer 19

Sampling Error

Question 20

A sample of an entire population

Answer 20

Census

Question 21

Random sample used to estimate characteristics of a specific population

Answer 21

Simple Random Sample

Question 22

The value of some characteristic of population estimated by using sample statistics

Answer 22

Parameter

Question 23

Number of times a variable occurs, measured for specific elements and displayed on a table

Answer 23

Frequency

Question 24

The decimal value each class of the variable represents of the total frequency

Answer 24

Relative Frequency

Question 25

Percent each class of the variable represents of the total frequency

Answer 25

Relative Percent Frequency

Question 26

Accumulated decimal value of a hierarchal display of relative frequencies

Answer 26

Cumulative Frequency

Question 27

Accumulated percentage of relative percent frequencies

Answer 27

Cumulative Percent Frequency

Question 28

Display showing relative values of variables for specific subjects

Answer 28

Bar chart

Question 29

Display showing relative values of variables totaling 100%

Answer 29

Pie Chart

Question 30

The location on a worksheet identified by the column and row in which the data appears

Answer 30

Data cell

Question 31

An unpredictable outcome of some event

Answer 31

Random Phenomenon

Question 32

An experiment designed to produce a measurable outcome

Answer 32

Trial

Question 33

The value of some variable measured for a trial

Answer 33

Outcome

Question 34

The collection of possible outcomes of trials form performing a series of trails

Answer 34

Event

Question 35

Relative likelihood of some outcome, given data from a series of trials

Answer 35

Probability

Question 36

The credibility of forecasts increases with more observations in a data set

Answer 36

Law of Large Numbers

Question 37

Collection of all possible outcomes for a set of trials

Answer 37

Sample Space

Question 38

Rectangle containing circles illustrating relative probabilities and total probability of 1.0

Answer 38

Venn Diagram

Question 39

If only two outcomes are possible, one is known as A, the other A ^ c

Answer 39

Complement Rules

Question 40

Manually constructed histogram to approxiamte central tendencies of data sets

Answer 40

Stem and leaf Displays

Question 41

Values describing the characteristics of a large percentage of subjects in a data set

Answer 41

Central Tendencies

Question 42

The average value for a data set

Answer 42

Mean

Question 43

The middle value in a hierarchical list of values in a data set

Answer 43

median

Question 44

The most commonly observed values in a data set

Answer 44

Mode

Question 45

All outcomes of a data set having equal probability

Answer 45

Uniform Probability Distribution

Question 46

Values of outcomes are concentrated above or below the mean

Answer 46

Skewed Distribution

Question 47

Value that is radically different from the central tendencies of the distribution

Answer 47

Outlier

Question 48

The values of the highest and lowest observations in a data set or within a class of observations

Answer 48

Range

Question 49

The range of values between the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile

Answer 49

Interquartile Range