Chapter 1 Test Review

Question 1

standard metric units

Answer 1

KHD_dcm

Question 2

measuring rules

Answer 2

sig figs, estimated digits

Question 3

what does a measurement tell you

Answer 3

the size of something

Question 4

accuracy

Answer 4

“hits the target”

Question 5

precision

Answer 5

all in one place

Question 6

why is it important to communicate precision the correct way

Answer 6

because the more sig figs in a measurement, the more precise the measuring device

Question 7

what is the general rule about the amount of precision in your answer as compared to the amount of precision in the measurements used to calculate it

Answer 7

you always record one unit past what the instrument records

Question 8

extensive properties

Answer 8

depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Question 9

intensive properties

Answer 9

depend on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount

Question 10

chemical property

Answer 10

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

Question 11

states of matter

Answer 11

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 12

solid

Answer 12

definite shape and volume

Question 13

liquid

Answer 13

indefinite shape, definite volume

Question 14

gas

Answer 14

indefinite shape, indefinite volume

Question 15

plasma

Answer 15

gas superheated to the point where the electrons start to leave the atoms, creating a high energy ionized gaseous substance

Question 16

melting

Answer 16

solid to liquid

Question 17

vaporization

Answer 17

liquid to gas

Question 18

ionization

Answer 18

gas to plasma

Question 19

freezing/fusion

Answer 19

liquid to solid

Question 20

condensation

Answer 20

gas to liquid

Question 21

recombination

Answer 21

plasma to gas

Question 22

sublimation

Answer 22

solid to gas

Question 23

deposition

Answer 23

gas to solid

Question 24

substances

Answer 24

uniform and definite composition, pure, every sample has identical intensive properties

Question 25

mixtures

Answer 25

physical blend of 2+ substances, chemical properties don’t change, varying composition

Question 26

how are elements and compounds similar

Answer 26

any sample is the same

Question 27

homogeneous mixtures

Answer 27

composition the same throughout, 1 phase

Question 28

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 28

composition is not the same throughout, 2+ phases

Question 29

how to separate the components of a mixture

Answer 29

filtration, distillation, chromatography

Question 30

how to separate the components of a compound

Answer 30

chemical reaction

Question 31

what is the ancient theory about atoms

Answer 31

all matter is composed of atoms, atoms aren’t dividable and are whole

Question 32

what three questions did aristotle ask democritus

Answer 32

what holds atoms together? why can’t we see atoms? why don’t we fall down like a bag of marbles?

Question 33

what did priestley work on?

Answer 33

he prepared pure oxygen, decomposed mercuric oxide into mercury and oxygen, discovered carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, saw that substances can be broken down to a certain point

Question 34

what did lavoisier work on

Answer 34

observed that substances stopped burning when cut from air/oxygen, things get heavier after burning, came up with the law of conservatoin of mass

Question 35

what did proust work on

Answer 35

he came up with the law of definite composition, all substances are composed of definite amounts of each element no matter how much/little of the matter there is

Question 36

what are dalton’s four postulates?

Answer 36

atoms of the same element are chemically identical; atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds; chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged; all elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms

Question 37

which of dalton’s 4 postulates does not work

Answer 37

all elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms

Question 38

what did thomson experiment on

Answer 38

he discovered that the beam of particles could be deflected by electrically charged plates

Question 39

what was thomson’s model

Answer 39

plum pudding model (chocolate chip muffin)

Question 40

what was rutherfords experiment

Answer 40

he directed a narrow beam of alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. he figured out that atoms are mostly empty space and that a nucleus is made up of positively charged matter called protons

Question 41

names of the major parts and particles of an atom

Answer 41

electron cloud, nucleus, electron, neutron, proton

Question 42

proton mass

Answer 42

1 amu

Question 43

proton charge

Answer 43

postitive

Question 44

proton location

Answer 44

nucleus

Question 45

neutron mass

Answer 45

1 amu

Question 46

neutron charge

Answer 46

neutral

Question 47

neutron location

Answer 47

nucleus

Question 48

electron charge

Answer 48

negative

Question 49

electron location

Answer 49

electron cloud

Question 50

how do you find a mass number

Answer 50

protons + neutrons

Question 51

what is an isotope

Answer 51

atoms with the normal number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 52

what is an amu

Answer 52

atomic mass unit, defined as one twelfth of a carbon-12 atom

Question 53

what is atomic mass

Answer 53

its a weighted average which accounts for abundance each element occurs in nature

Question 54

what is the equation for atomic mass

Answer 54

{mass number of isotope multiplied by (% abundance/100)}