Chapter 1 Test revison

Question 0

The 3 types of boundaries are:

Answer 0

Converging, Diverging & Transforming

Question 1

Name the 2 types of plates

Answer 1

Continental & Oceanic

Question 2

Describe Diverging plates

Answer 2

They occur under the oceans and cause the sea floor to move apart. The form Mid ocean ridges

Question 3

Continental vs Continental & Oceanic vs Continental are two forms of what?

Answer 3

Converging plates

Question 4

Describe transform boundaries

Answer 4

They occur in many areas (San Andreas Fault) and occur when two plates slide past each other

Question 5

Oceanic- Continental Convergence

Answer 5

When an oceanic plate pushes into and subducts under a continental plate, the continental plate is lifted up causing a mountain range to be created.

Question 6

Oceanic-Oceanic Covergence

Answer 6

When two oceanic plates converge, one is usually subducts under the other and in the process a deep oceanic trench is formed.

Question 7

Continental- Continental Covergance

Answer 7

When these two plates meet head on neither, neither is sub ducted because the continental rocks are relatively light, and resist downward motion.

Question 8

What are mid ocean ridges?

Answer 8

A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.

Question 9

Hotspots are:

Answer 9

a location on the earths surface that has had active volcanism for a long period of time. Magma generated by the hotspot rises through rigid plates of the lithosphere and produces volcanoes. The ocean floor moves these hotspots.

Question 10

What can determine the violence of an eruption?

Answer 10

Composition (gases,minerals,elements etc) and temperature of the magma.

Question 11

What is the measure of a materials resistance to flow?

Answer 11

Viscosity

Question 12

If lava runs slow it is:

Answer 12

high viscosity

Question 13

What is a vent?

Answer 13

An opening in the surface of the earth through which molten rock and gases are released.

Question 14

What is a volcano?

Answer 14

It is a mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material

Question 15

What is a crater?

Answer 15

It is the depression at the summit of the volcano that is produced by meteorite impact.

Question 16

Name Pyroclastic Materials

Answer 16

Ash,Dust,Pumice, Lapili, Cinders

Question 17

3 types of volcanoes are:

Answer 17

Shield, Cinder, Composite

Question 18

What are Pyroclastic Materials?

Answer 18

Pyroclastic materials is the name given to particles produced in volcanic eruptions

Question 19

Types of lava are?

Answer 19

Pahoehoe Lava & Aa Lava

Question 20

Describe a shield volcano

Answer 20

Broad, gently sloping

Question 21

Describe cinder volcanos

Answer 21

Ejected from a single vent, steep slope angle

Question 22

Describe a composite volcano

Answer 22

Composed of lava flows and Pyroclastic material, also large size

Question 23

What are Calderas?

Answer 23

They are large depressions in volcanoes,nearly circular, formed by collapse, and size exceeds 1km in diameter

Question 24

Origin of Magma?

Answer 24

Magma originates when solid rock, located in the crust and upper mantle, partially melts.

Question 25

What is the role of water in volcanoes?

Answer 25

Water causes rock to melt at lower temperatures and plays an important role in subducting ocean plates.

Question 26

Define earthquake?

Answer 26

An earthquake is the vibration if the earth produced by the rapid release of energy.

Question 27

What is the focus?

Answer 27

Focus is the point within the earth where the earthquake starts

Question 28

Define epicenter:

Answer 28

Epicenter is the location on the surface directly above the focus

Question 29

What are faults?

Answer 29

Faults are the fractures in Earth where movement has occurred.

Question 30

Aftershock is..

Answer 30

a small earthquake that follows the main earthquake.

Question 31

A foreshock is...

Answer 31

a small earthquake that often proceeds a major earthquake.

Question 32

What are seismographs?

Answer 32

Seismographs are instruments that record earthquake waves.

Question 33

Seismographs are:

Answer 33

traces of amplified, electronically recorded ground motion made by seismographs

Question 34

Surface waves are?

Answer 34

seismic waves that travel along the earths outer layer.

Question 35

P waves are

Answer 35

push-pull waves, travel through liquids, solids and gases, fastest wave

Question 36

S waves:

Answer 36

shake particles at right angles to the direction they travel, travel only through solids, slower then P waves

Question 37

How do we measure earthquakes?

Answer 37

Richter Scale, based on the amplitude of the largest wave, each unit of richter magnitude equates to roughly a 32- fold energy increase.

Question 38

What is liquefaction?

Answer 38

Saturated material that turns fluid

Question 39

How does a tsunami occur?

Answer 39

When an earthquake occurs under water

Question 40

Define seismic gap:

Answer 40

an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time.

Question 41

Elements to the crust:

Answer 41

thin, rocky outer layer, 7km in oceanic regions and 8-40 km in continental crust

Question 42

Elements of the mantle:

Answer 42

below crust to a depth of 2900 km

Question 43

Elements of Lower Mantle:

Answer 43

660-2900 km, more rigid layer, rocks are very hot and capable of gradual flow

Question 44

Elements of the lithosphere:

Answer 44

Crust and uppermost mantle (100km thick), cool, rigid,solid

Question 45

Elements of asthenosphere:

Answer 45

Beneath the lithosphere, upper mantle, to a depth of 660 km, soft, weak layer that is easily deformed

Question 46

Elements of inner core:

Answer 46

Sphere with radius of 1216km, behaves like a solid

Question 47

Elements of outer core:

Answer 47

Liquid layer, 2270 km, generates Earths magnetic field

Question 48

Elements of core:

Answer 48

Below mantle, sphere with a radius of 3480 km, composed of iron-nickel alloy