Chapter 1-The Human Body Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the shape of a bone?
Bones have many different shapes and sizes
What are the purposes of bones?
Bones
- form a frame which gives your body shape
- protect body’s internal organs
- with the help of your muscles enable you to move
What is the longest bone in the body?
The femur (thigh bone)
What is the structure of a bone?
A bone has a hard outer layer known as the compact bone. Beneath that, a layer of spongy tissue covers bone marrow which is found in the centre of the bone.
What is made in bone marrow?
Some of the most important parts of your blood are made in bone marrow.
How do we know that bones are alive?
They contain living cells and need a blood supply to provide oxygen and other nutrients.
What do bones need an adequate supply of to remain hard?
Calcium and phosphorus.
What is ossification?
The hardening of bones as you get older.
What happens to your bones as you become old?
They become dry and brittle.
What needs to be done when a bone is broken?
The ends of the bone need to be set.
What is a greenstick fracture?
When a bone cracks but does not break.
What is Osteoporosis?
Loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken.
What is cartilage?
Cartilage is a soft rubbery substance that makes up some of the skeleton when you are born. It is gradually being replaced.
What is the ends of the bones covered with?
Cartilage
Name three parts of the body that are mostly made of cartilage.
The trachea, nose and ears.
What are ligaments?
Ligaments are bundles of small fibres that hold bones together.
What are muscles?
Muscles are tough elastic fibres that pull bones into different positions. They are connected to bones by tendons and can be sorted into two basic catagories; involuntary and voluntary muscles.
What is a torn hamstring?
When the hamstring muscle tears as a result of it being overstretched.
What are involuntary muscles? Give an example.
Involuntary muscles work without having to think. e.g. heart
What are voluntary muscles?
Voluntary muscles (muscles connected to the bones) require you to think or choose to use them.
What is the purpose of a joint?
Most joints allow your bones to move.
What is a hinge joint? Give examples.
Allow movement in only one direction (e.g. Knee, elbow)
What are ball and socket joints? Give examples.
Allow movement in many directions (e.g. Hips, shoulders)
What is a pivot joint? Give an example.
Allows a twisting kind of movement. (e.g. Joint between skull and spine).
