Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P Unit 1 > Chapter 1: The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is

A

The structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiology is

A

The function of the body. How the body parts work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gross or macroscopic anatomy is

A

The study of large body structures

Such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Regional anatomy is

A

All the structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time

Structures: Muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.

Region of the body: such as the abdomen or the leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Systemic anatomy is

A

Body structure is studied system by system

Example: when studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and blood vessels of the entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 types of anatomy?

A

Microscopic, gross/macroscopic and developmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microscopic anatomy is

A

too small to be seen in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microscopic anatomy consists of

A

cytology and histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytology is

A

the cells in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Histology is

A

the study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gross/macroscopic anatomy is

A

the large body structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 types of gross/macroscopic anatomy are

A

regional, systemic, and surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Regional anatomy is

A

all the structures in a particular region

such as the muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves in the leg or abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Systemic anatomy is

A

the study of system by system

such as the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surface anatomy is

A

of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface

such as looking for blood vessels or muscles bulging out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Developmental anatomy is

A

the study of structural changes through the life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Embryology is

A

is a subdivision of developmental anatomy and it concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Complementarity is

A

the function always reflects the structure

that is what a structure can do depends on its specific form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A mysterious cat talked, opening organic oranges

A 
Chemical (Atoms)
Organelles (Molecules)
Cellular
Tissues
Organ
Organ Systems
Organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- A

A is for

A

Atoms/Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization-Mysterious

M is for

A

Molecules/Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Cat

C is for

A

Cellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Talked

T is for

A

Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Opening

The first O is for

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Organic

The second O is for

A

Organ Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Oranges

The third O is for

A

Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mnuemonic for the organ systems

A 
MURDERS LINC
M-Muscular
U-Urinary
R-Respiratory
D-Digestive
E-Endocrine
R-Reproductive
S-Skeletal
L-Lymphatic
I-Integumentary
N-Nervous
C-Cardiovascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is M for

A

Muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is U for

A

Urinary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What are the R’s for

A

Respiratory and Reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is the E for

A

Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is the D for

A

Digestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is the S for

A

Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is the L for

A

Lymphatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is the I for

A

Integumentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is the N for

A

Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Organ Systems
MURDERS LINC
What is the C for

A

Cardiovascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

8 Necessary Life Functions

MMM RRED G

A 
Maintain Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Maintaining boundaries is

A

the internal environment remains distinct for the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Movement is

A

locomotion, propulsion and contractibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Responsiveness is

A

the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Digestion is

A

the breakdown of ingested food to simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood and distributed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Metabolism is

A

chemical reaction that occurs within the body (CREB’s cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Excretions is

A

the process of removing wastes from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Reproduction

A

occurs at the cellular and the organismal levels

Major task of this system: the original cell divides making a while new person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Necessary Life Functions
MMM RRED G
Growth is

A

an increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

5 Survival Needs

NO WAN

A 
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal Body Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

5 Survival Needs
NO WAN
Nutrients are

A

Proteins
Carbs
Lipids and fats
Vitamins and minerals

49
Q

5 Survival Needs
NO WAN
Oxygen is

A

necessary for metabolic reactions

50
Q

5 Survival Needs
NO WAN
Water provides

A

the necessary environment for chemical reactions. 50%-60% of our body weight is water.

51
Q

Most abundant chemical substance in the body

A

water

52
Q

5 Survival Needs
NO WAN
Normal Body Temperature

A

necessary of chemical reactions to occur of life sustaining rates

53
Q

What is normal body temperature?

A

98.7 degrees

54
Q

5 Survival Needs
NO WAN
Atmospheric Pressure is

A

required for breathing and gas exchange in the lungs

55
Q

Homeostasis is

A

the ability to maintain internal environment as the outside is constantly changing

Example: sweating

56
Q

Homeostatic Control

3 components

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

57
Q

Homeostatic Control

Receptor

A

monitors the environment and responds to changes

58
Q

Homeostatic Control

Control Center

A

determines the set point, which is the level at which a variable is maintained

59
Q

Homeostatic Control

Effector

A

provides the means for the control centers response to the stimulus

60
Q

Negative Feedback is

A

the output shuts off the original stimulus

61
Q

Examples of positive feedback are

A

regulation of blood clotting

labor contractions

62
Q

Positive Feedback is

A

the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

63
Q

Examples of negative feedback are

A

regulation of room temperature
blood glucose level
body temp
blood calcium

64
Q

Afferent means

A

towards

65
Q

Efferent means

A

exit away

66
Q

What is the anatomical position

A

body erect
feet slightly apart
palms facing forward
thumbs point away from body

67
Q

Why is the anatomical position important?

A

Because the directional terms refer to the body as if it were in this position

68
Q

superior is

A

toward the head

69
Q

inferior is

A

away from the head

70
Q

anterior is

A

toward the front

71
Q

posterior is

A

toward the back

72
Q

medial is

A

toward the midline

73
Q

lateral is

A

away from the midline

74
Q

intermediate is

A

between a more medial and lateral structure

75
Q

proximal is

A

closer to the origin of the body part

76
Q

distal is

A

farther from the origin of the body part

77
Q

superficial is

A

toward the body surface

78
Q

deep is

A

away from the body surface

79
Q

divides the body into left and right body parts

A

sagittal plane

80
Q

sagittal plane that lies on the midline

A

midsagittal plane

81
Q

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

A

frontal plane

82
Q

divides the body into superior and inferior body parts

A

transverse plane

83
Q

cuts made diagonally

A

oblique plane

84
Q

sagittal plane is

A

divides the body into left and right parts

85
Q

midsagittal plane is

A

sagittal plane that lies on the midline

86
Q

frontal plane

A

divides the body into anterior and posterior body parts

87
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into superior and anterior body parts

88
Q

oblique plane is

A

when cuts are made diagonally

89
Q

What are the two major body cavities?

A

Dorsal and Ventral

90
Q

What cavities are in the Dorsal body cavity?

A

Cranial and vertebral cavities

91
Q

What cavities are in the Ventral body cavity?

A

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

92
Q

Thoracic cavity is subdivided into

A

two pleural cavities
mediastinum
pericardial cavity

93
Q

The two pleural cavities

A

each houses a lung

94
Q

The mediastinum contains

A

the pericardial cavity which encloses the heart and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs, the esophagus, trachea and others

95
Q

The pericardial cavity

A

encloses the heart.

96
Q

The pericardial cavity is located

A

in the mediastinum cavity

97
Q

The Thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by

A

the diaphragm

98
Q

What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants?

A

Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant

99
Q

What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?

A 
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right Lumbar
Umbilical
Left Lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac
100
Q

The liver falls in what 2 regions?

A

Right hypochondriac and epigastric regions

101
Q

The proportion of ________ in lipids is much lower than in carbs.

A

oxygen

102
Q

Lipids contain

A

C, H and O

103
Q

Carbohydrates contain

A

C, H, and O

104
Q

Carbohydrates major function is to

A

supply a source of cellular food

105
Q

Examples of lipids

A

neutral fats or triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids

106
Q

Examples of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides or simple sugars
glucose
fructose
galactose

107
Q

Proteins are broken up into

A

primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

108
Q

Proteins-primary is

A

amino acids

109
Q

Proteins-secondary is

A

alpha-helix or beta pleated sheets

110
Q

Proteins-tertiary

A

bends into a specific shape

111
Q

Proteins-quaternary is

A

more than one type of chains

112
Q

What happens at the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

denature (acidic solution or heat) or destroy a protein

113
Q

What is found at the quaternary structure of a protein?

A

Hemoglobin

114
Q

What does hemoglobin do?

A

It transports oxygen in blood

115
Q

Denaturation is

A

when the characteristic properties of a protein are destroyed by heat and acidic solution disrupting its molecular conformation

116
Q

What are enzymes known for?

A

most are proteins that act as biological catalysts

117
Q

Denaturation effects which structure?

A

tertiary structure

118
Q

How are enzymes typically named?

A

The name usually ends with -ase

A & P Unit 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions