Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation Flashcards
(165 cards)
0
Q
The navel is ____ to the chin
A
Inferior
1
Q
The head is ______ to the abdomen
A
Superior
2
Q
The breast is ____ to the spine
A
Anterior (Ventral)
3
Q
Pertaining to the point of the shoulder
A
Acromial
4
Q
Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs
A
Abdominal
5
Q
Pertaining to the ear
A
Otic
6
Q
Pertaining to the head
A
Cephalic
7
Q
Pertaining to the nose
A
Nasal
8
Q
Pertaining to the mouth
A
Oral
9
Q
Pertaining to the knee(anterior)
A
Patellar
10
Q
Pertaining to the foot
A
Pedal
11
Q
Pertaining to the thumb
A
Pollex
12
Q
Pertaining to the palm
A
Palmar
13
Q
Pertaining to the pelvis
A
Pelvic
14
Q
Pertaining to the forehead
A
Frontal
15
Q
Pertaining to the great toe
A
Hallux
16
Q
Pertaining to the thigh
A
Femoral
17
Q
Pertaining to the cheek
A
Buccal
18
Q
Pertaining to the wrist
A
Carpal
19
Q
Pertaining to the neck
A
Cervical
20
Q
Pertaining to the armpit
A
Axillary
21
Q
Pertaining to the arm
A
Brachial
22
Q
Pertaining to the forearm
A
Antebrachial
23
Q
Pertaining to the anterior surface of elbow
A
Antecubital
24
Pertaining to the groin
Inguinal
25
Pertaining to the leg
Crural
26
Pertaining to the side of the leg
Fibular
27
Pertaining to the fingers and toes
Digital
28
Pertaining to the hip
Coxal
29
Pertaining to the breast
Mammary
30
Pertaining to the chin
Mental
31
Pertaining to the navel
Umbilical
32
Pertaining to the chest
Thoracic
33
Pertaining to the ankle
Tarsal
34
Pertaining to the genital region
Pubic
35
Pertaining to the region of the breastbone
Sternal
36
Tarsal + digital=
Pedal
37
Axial refers to___
The head, neck, and trunk of the body
38
Appendicular refers to ___
The limbs
39
Describe anatomical position
Eyes chest feet and palms all facing forward
40
Pertaining to the area of the spinal column
Vertebral
41
Pertaining to the calf or the posterior surface of the leg
Sural
42
Pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder blade
Scapular
43
Pertaining to the hand
Manus
44
Pertaining to the heal of the foot
Calcaneal
45
Pertaining to the back
Dorsum
46
Pertaining to the buttocks
Gluteal
47
Pertaining to the sole of the food
Plantar
48
Pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia
Perineal
49
Pertaining to the posterior of the knee
Popliteal
50
Pertaining to the region between the hips
Sarcal
51
Pertaining to the posterior of the elbow
Olecranal
52
Pertaining to the posterior of the head or the base of the skull
Occipital
53
Pertaining to the area of the back between hips and ribs... The loin
Lumbar
54
The nose is ____ mouth
Superior
55
Abdomen is _____ chest
Inferior
56
Superior refers to
Above
57
Inferior refers to
Below
58
Body Orientation and Direction: The front
Anterior
59
Body Orientation and Direction: The back
Posterior
60
Anterior is synonymous to
Ventral
61
Posterior is synonymous to
Dorsal
62
The spine is ___ to heart
Posterior
63
Cavity: also known as the mouth, contains the teeth and tongue and is continuous with digestive tube
Oral
64
Cavity: houses the eyes in the skull and presents them in a anterior position
Orbital
65
Cavity: lies medial to the eardrum and is carved into the bony skull. This cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ hearing in the inner ears
Middle ear cavity
66
Cavity: located in the posterior to the nose; part of the passages of the respiratory system
Nasal
67
Cavity: joint cavities
Synovial
68
Body Orientation and Direction: above
Superior
69
Body Orientation and Direction: Below
Inferior
70
Body Orientation and Direction: front
Anterior
71
Body Orientation and Direction: back
Posterior
72
Body Orientation and Direction: toward the midline
Medial
73
Body Orientation and Direction: away from midline
Lateral
74
Body Orientation and Direction: Cephalad in humans is synonymous to
Superior
75
Body Orientation and Direction: towards the head
Cephalad
76
Body Orientation and Direction: towards the tail
Caudal
77
Body Orientation and Direction: Cephalad In animals is synonymous to
Anterior
78
Body Orientation and Direction: caudal in animals is synonymous to
Posterior
79
Proximal
Above a certain body part on a limb
80
Below a body part of a limb
Distal
81
Body Orientation and Direction: toward the body surface
Superficial
82
Body Orientation and Direction: away from the body surfaces
Deep
83
The wrist is ___ to hand
Proximal
84
The trachea to the spine
Anterior
85
The brain to the spinal chord
Superior
86
The kidney to the liver
Inferior
87
The nose to the cheekbones
Medial
88
Thumb to the ring finger
Lateral
89
Thorax to the abdomen
Superior
90
The skin to the skeleton
Superficial
91
Define: section
Cut through a organ or body through a plane
92
Define: plane
Imaginary surface or line
93
Directional planes: divides the body into left and right parts
Sagital plane
94
Directional planes: divides the body into the inferior and superior parts
Transverse
95
Directional planes: divides body into the anterior and posterior sections
Frontal/ coronal
96
Name the two main body cavities
Dorsal and ventral
97
Dorsal body cavity: two sub cavities
Cranial and spinal
98
Cavity: Brain
Cranial
99
Cavity: spinal chord
Spinal cavity
100
Most protected cavity?
Spinal cavity
101
Sub-cavities of ventral cavity
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavit
102
Cavity: heart and lungs
Thoracic
103
Cavity: stomach, intestines, liver
Abdominal cavity (Abdominopelvic cavity)
104
Cavity: reproductive organs, bladder, rectum
Pelvic cavity (Abdominopelvic cavity)
105
Define: Serosa and Serous Membranes
Covering (membrane) of the ventral cavity walls and organs... Produces a lubricating fluid that allows the organs to slide over one another without causing friction
106
The parietal Serosa covers
The ventral cavity wall
107
The visceral Serosa covers
Organs
108
Serosa membrane of lungs
Pleura
109
Serosa membrane of heart
Pericardium
110
Serosa membrane of abdominopelvic cavity
Peritoneum
111
Abdominopelvic cavity: pubic region
Hypogastric
112
Abdominopelvic cavity: superior to umbilical region
Epigastric
113
Abdominopelvic cavity: centermost region
Umbilical
114
Abdominopelvic cavity: lateral to Epigastric overlying the ribs
Hypochondriac
115
Abdominopelvic cavity: lateral to umbilical
Lumbar
116
Abdominopelvic cavity: lateral to Hypogastric overlying superior part of hip bones
Iliac
117
Muscle dividing ventral body cavity
Diaphragm
118
Organ system not represented in any cavities
Integumentary
119
Cavity with the least protection
Abdominopelvic cavity
120
Organ system: protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemicals, and bacterial injury and drying out, excreted salts and Urea, aids in body temperature regulation, produces vitamin d
Integumentary system
121
Organ system: body support and protection of internal organs, provides levers of muscular action, cavities provide a site for blood cell formation
Skeletal system
122
Organ system: primary function is to contract and shorten in doing so skeletal muscles allow locomotion,grasping and manipulation of environment, and facial expression; generates heat
Muscular system
123
Organ system: allow body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands. Helps to maintain homeostasis of the body via the rapid transmission of electric,a signals
Nervous system
124
Organ system: provides germ (egg) cells; the female uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for infant
Female reproductive system
125
Organ system: provides germ cells (sperm) for perpetuation of the species
Male reproductive system
126
Organ system: maintains water electrolyte and acid base in blood, rids the body of nitrogenous wastes, which results from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids
Urinary system
127
Organ system: breaks down ingested to food, which can be absorbed in the blood for delivery to body cells; undigested food is removed as feces
Digestive system
128
Organ system: keeps blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide
Contributed the acid base blood balance via the carbonic acid buffering system
Respiratory system
129
Organ system: primarily a transport system that Carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through blood vessel by the pumping action of the heart; antibodies and other protein molecules in the blood act to protect the body
Cardiovascular system
130
Organ system: helps maintain homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produced chemical "messengers"(hormones) that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body
Endocrine
131
Organ system: picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels, and returns it to the blood; cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris; houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances
Lymphatic system
132
Organ system: epidermal and dermal regions, cutaneous sense organs and glands, hair, nails, skim
Integumentary system
133
Organ system: bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints
Skeletal system
134
Organ system: muscles attached to Skelton
Muscular system
135
Organ system: brain, spinal chord, sensory receptors, nerves
Nervous system
136
Organ system: heart blood, vessels, blood
Cardiovascular
137
Organ system: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines ( accessory structures: teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver)
Digestive system
138
Organ system: nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Respiratory system
139
Organ system: kidney, uterers, urethra, bladder
Urinary system
140
Organ system: male- testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system which carriers sperm to the exterior of the body
Reproductive system
141
Organ system: female- ovaries, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Reproductive system
142
Organ system: pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal and pineal glands, ovaries, testes, and pancreas
Endocrine system
143
Organ system: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and scattered collection of lymph node tissue
Lymphatic system
144
Define: organ
A part of a bod composed of a collection of tissues with the primary goal of carrying out a specific function
145
Organ system: brain, nerves, sensory receptors, and spinal cord
Nervous system
146
Organ system: heart, blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
147
Organ system: kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
Urinary system
148
Organ system: thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic system
149
Organ system: bones, cartilages, tendons
Skeletal
150
Organ system: pancreas, pituitary, adrenals
Endocrine
151
Organ system: trachea, bronchi, alveoli
Respiratory system
152
Organ system: epidermis, dermis, and cutaneous sense organs
Integumentary
153
Organ system: testis, ductus deferens, urethra
Urinary system
154
Organ system: esophagus, large intestine, rectum
Digestive
155
Organ system: muscles of the thigh
Muscular system
156
Levels of organization of a living body
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
157
Body cavity:stomach
Abdominopelvic cavity
158
Body cavity: esophagus
Thoracic
159
Body cavity: large intestine
Abdominopelvic
160
Body cavity: liver
Abdominopelvic cavity
161
Body cavity: spinal cord
Spinal
162
Body cavity: urinary bladder
Abdominopelvic cavity
163
Anatomical position
Body erect, arms to the side with palms facing forward and thumbs lateral to the body
164
The principle of complementarity
The function depends on structure and vice versa ( anatomy and physiology)
