chapter 1 - The Science Of Psycology Flashcards
(38 cards)
Define psychology.
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
to eliminate bias observations scientists use the scientific method to study psychology.
What are psychology’s goals?
- describe
- Explain
- predict
- control
Why is Wilhelm Wundt known as the father of psychology?
Wundt was the first to bring objectivity and measurement to the concept of psychology. He employed objective introspective: The process of objectively examining in measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activity to illuminate bias.
Who is Edward Titchener?
Edward Titchener, expanded wundt’s ideas into a different viewpoint, called structuralism( the focus is to study the structure of the mind.)
Who was interested in the importance of consciousness in every day life rather than just it’s analysis? (functionalism)
William James believed that it doesn’t matter what the structure of consciousness is, it matters what it’s function is
Explain “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”
Max Wertheimer believed that people naturally seek out patterns (wholes) The sensory information available to them
The study of sensations and perceptions with the focus of whole pattern rather than small pieces
gestalt psychology
Define psychoanalysis
The theory in therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud.
Freud propose that there was an unconscious in which we suppress all are threatening urges and desires.
He stressed the importance of childhood experiences.
Leave that behavior stemmed from the unconscious motivation
Science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only.
Behaviorism
Which person proved that a reflex could be caused to occur in response to a formerly unrelated stimulus.
Pavlov, he conditioned dogs to sell the tea at the sound of a metronome because it correlated to food
Who believed that behavior is learned.
John B Watson believed that we are all products of our environment and our behaviors are taught and learned through conditioning.
The focus on the unconscious mind and its influence over conscious behavior and on early childhood experiences, with emphasis on the development of self, social, and interpersonal relationships, and the discovery of other motivations behind a person’s motivation
Psychodynamic perspective
A theory developed by John BF Skinner, behavioral responses are reinforced by pleasurable consequences or rewards
Behavioral perspective
The few point or perspective that people have free will, and striper self actualization, to achieve their full potential
Humanistic perspective
Focuses on how people think(perception, thought processes, memory, intelligence)
Cognitive perspective
Focuses on the behavior of individuals as the result of the presence ( real or imagined )of other individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a larger culture
Socialculture perspective
Focuses on the biological basis of universal mental characteristics that all humans share
Biopsychological perspective
Focuses on the biological basis for universal mental characteristics that all humans share
Evolutionary perspective
A professional who has no medical training but has a doctorate degree, works in a variety of settings based on the area specialization.
Must be licensed to practice independently; typically does not prescribe medications but can go through specialized training to do so
Tasks include researching, teaching, designing equipment, designing worksplaces, and developing educational methods
A psychologist
A Professional who is a medical doctor (M.D. Or D.O) who has specialize in the diagnosis and treatment (including the prescription of medications) of psychological disorders.
A psychiatrist
Psychiatric social worker
Someone who is trained in the area of social work and usually possesses a Mastis agree in that discipline. Focus is more on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse.
Define scientific method
A system for gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced
Name the steps in the scientific method
- perceiving the question
- forming a hypothesis
* ***Hypothesis: a tentative explanation for a phenomenon based on observation - testing the hypothesis
- Drawing conclusions
- RePort your results
In what setting do you researchers observe people or animals in natural environmentand what are The advantages and disadvantages
Naturalistic observation
Pro: Provides a more realistic picture of how behavior occurs versus being in a controlled labware behavior can be artificial rather than genuine
Con:
observer bias: tendency of observer to see what they expect to see
Observer effect: animals or people who know that they are being watch will not behave normally
In Naturalistic settings, conditions are not going to be identical time after time, the setting is unique in unlike any other
