Chapter 1: Vobulary

Question 1

A computer designed for use by an individual, usually incorporating a graphics display, a keyboard, and a mouse.

Answer 1

PC (Personal Computer)

Question 2

A Computer used for running larger programs for multiple users, often simultaneously, and typically accessed only via a network.

Answer 2

Server

Question 3

A class of computers with the highest performance and cost; they are configured as servers and typically cost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars

Answer 3

Super Computers

Question 4

A computer inside another device use for running a predetermined application.

Answer 4

Embedded Computer

Question 5

small wireless devices to connect to the internet; reliant on battery power and software installed by downloading apps.

Answer 5

Personal Mobile Devices

Question 6

Cloud Computing

Answer 6

refers to large collections of servers that provide services over the internet.

Question 7

delivers software and data over the internet usually via a thin program such as a browser that runs on a client device.

Answer 7

Software as a Service

Question 8

Software that provides services that are commonly useful, such as operating systems, compilers, loaders and assemblers.

Answer 8

Systems Software

Question 9

Supervising program that manages the resources of a computer for the benefit of the programs that run on that computer.

Answer 9

Operating System

Question 10

Compiler

Answer 10

A program that translates high-level language statements into assembly language statement

Question 11

binary digit

Answer 11

a digit in a two digit number system

Question 12

instruction

Answer 12

a command that computer hardware understands and obeys

Question 13

assembler

Answer 13

A program that translates a symbolic version of instructions into the binary version.

Question 14

A symbolic representation of machine instructions.

Answer 14

Assembly Language

Question 15

A binary representation of machine instructions.

Answer 15

Machine Language

Question 16

A device containing millions of transistors

Answer 16

Integrated Chip

Question 17

the active part of the computer, which contains the data path and control.

Answer 17

CPU

Question 18

datapath

Answer 18

The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations.

Question 19

control

Answer 19

The component of the processor that commands the data-path, memory and I/O.

Question 20

Memory

Answer 20

The storage area where programs are kept when they are running. Memory also stores data for the program.

Question 21

The user portion of the instruction set plus the operating system interfaces used by application programmers.

Answer 21

Application Binary Interface

Question 22

The total time required to complete a task.

Answer 22

Response Time

Question 23

the number of tasks completed in a unit of time

Answer 23

Throughput

Question 24

A rule stating that the performance enhancement possible with a given improvement is limited by the amount that the improved feature is used.

Answer 24

Amdahl’s Law

Question 25

What is the formula for Amdahl's law?

Answer 25

(Execution Time Affect By Improvement/Amount of Improvement) + Execution Time Unaffected

Question 26

Eight Great Ideas of Computer Architecture

Answer 26

``` Moore's Law Abstraction Make Common Case Fast Performance via Parallelism Performance via Pipelinining Performance via Prediction Hierarchy of Memories Dependability via Redundancy ```

Question 27

Integrated Circuit resources will double every 18 -24 months

Answer 27

Moore's Law

Question 28

The process of hiding lower-level details to offer a simpler model at higher levels

Answer 28

Abstraction

Question 29

Given Amdahl's law is it better to improve efficeincy of the rare case or the common case?

Answer 29

Common Case

Question 30

The practice of increasing efficiency of a system by performing operations simultaneously.

Answer 30

Parrellelism

Question 31

A command that is understood and obeyed by computer hardware

Answer 31

instruction

Question 32

A program that translates a symbolic version of instruction into the binary version.

Answer 32

Assembler

Question 33

Compiler

Answer 33

A program that translates high-level language into assembly level language

Question 34

Memory built as an integrated circuit

Answer 34

Dynamic Random Access Memory