Chapter 10, 11, 42 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Premature infants are less than ____ weeks
less than 36 weeks gestational age
Full-term infants are ___ weeks
between 36-40 weeks
Neonates: ____ weeks
first 4 postnatal weeks
Infants: weeks _____
5-52 postnatal
children: _____ years
1-12 years old
Adolescents: ___ years
12-16 years old
___ of drugs used in pediatrics have never been tested in children
2/3
of drugs studied:
___ ineffective in children
___ unanticipated side effects
___ required dosage adjustments
20%
30%
20%
Why are very young children highly sensitive to drugs?
BC of organ system immaturity
In neonate and young infants, drug responses are usually ___ and ___
intense and prolonged
absorption of IM drugs in neonates is ___ than in adults
slower
Absorption of IM drugs in infants is ___ than in adults
more rapid
Infants metabolize drugs faster than adults until age ___ when rates start to decline
2 years
___ stain children’s teeth and should be avoided bc they are a teratogen
Tetracyclines
__ causes growth suppression in kids but once stopped they will catch back up.
Steroids
The elderly are __ of population and __ of nation’s prescribed drugs
12%
31%
The elderly often have complications to drugs bc:
4
- organ system degernation
- multiple and severe illnesses
- Multidrug Therapy
- Poor Adherence
The __ of drug absorption changes in older adults
rate
reduced liver function may ___ drug effects
prolong
___ ____ ___ with resultant drug accumulation is the most important cause of adverse drug reactions in older adults.
Reduced renal function
The lab value that you should always pay attention to in older adults is the: ___
creatinine levels (kidney function)
ADR’s are __ more common in elderly
7x
Elderly ADR’s account for __ of hospital admission and ___ of all medication related deaths
16%
50%
__ to ___ of elderly do not take meds as prescribed
26%-59%
