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intro to bio 111 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Karyotype is a particular array of

A

chromosomes in an individual organism

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2
Q

Karyotypes are arranged according to

A

size, staining properties, and location of centromere

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3
Q

Diploids have _ complete sets of chromosomes

A

2, 46 total chromosomes

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4
Q

Haploids have _ complete sets of chromosomes

A

1, 23 total chromosomes

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5
Q

A pair of chromosomes is

A

homologous, each one is a homologue

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6
Q

Chromosomes are composed of

A

chromatin

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7
Q

Chromosomes complex is made up of __ and ___

A

DNA and Protien

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8
Q

RNA is the site of

A

RNA synthesis

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9
Q

A typical human chromosome is…

A

140 million nucleotides long

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10
Q

In the nondividing nucleous, the 2 parts include the

A

Heterochromatin, and the Eurchromatin

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11
Q

Heterochromatin is __

A

expressed

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12
Q

Euchromatin is __

A

not expressed

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13
Q

___ promotes/guides the cooling of DNA

A

Nucleosome

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14
Q

Nucleosomes wrapped into higher, older coils are called

A

Solenoids

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15
Q

During mitosis, chromatin is solenoid arranged around a

A

scaffold protein to achieve maximum compaction

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16
Q

List the 5 phases of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

A

Gap 1 Phase, S Phase, Gap 2 Phase, Mitosis, Cytokenesis

17
Q

Gap 1 phase is the

A

primary growth phase, longest

18
Q

S Phase is the

A

replication of DNA

19
Q

Gap 2 phase is where

A

organelles replicate and microtubules organize

20
Q

Cytokenesis results in the

A

separation of 2 cells

21
Q

Time it takes to complete a cell cycle

A

Duration

22
Q

Mature cells take ___ to grow

A

LONGER

23
Q

Growth occurs during what phases

A

G1, S, G2

24
Q

Interphase inclues

A

G1, S, G2

25
Q

Chromosomes coil more tightly in the ___ phase, using motor proteins

A

G2

26
Q

Point Of Constriction

A

Centromere

27
Q

The attachment site for microtubules is the

A

kinetochore

28
Q

Chromatids stay attached at the ___ by ___

A

centromere, cohesion

29
Q

Prior to replication, a chromosome is composed of a

A

single DNA molecule

30
Q

After replication, a chromosome is composed of

A

2 identical DNA molecule, held together by cohesion

31
Q

List the 2 irreversible points of cell cycle

A

Replication of genetic material, Separation of sister chromatids

32
Q

Cell cycle can be put on hold at

A

checkpoints

33
Q

Unrestrained growth of cells is also known as

A

cancer

34
Q

The 2 genes associated with cancer are…

A
  1. Tumor-suppressor genes
  2. Proto-oncogenes
35
Q

Normal genes that become oncogenes when mutated are

A

Proto-oncogenes

36
Q

Oncogenes

A

cause cancer

intro to bio 111 (8 decks)

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