Chapter 10

Question 1

what is social organization?

Answer 1

The patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members

Question 2

what is economic anthropology?

Answer 2

debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living.

Question 3

how do anthropologists define making a living?

Answer 3

doing what is necessary to obtain the material things—food, clothing, shelter—that sustain human life.

Question 4

economic activity is divided in to 3 distinct phases which are…

Answer 4

production
distribution
consumption

Question 5

horticulturists depend on…

Answer 5

human power and simple tools

Question 6

some social scientists do not agree on what the economy represents… what are the two views?

Answer 6

utilitarian - practical
holistic - focus on institutions

Question 7

what is the phase of production?

Answer 7

the transformation of raw materials into products

Question 8

what is the phase of distribution?

Answer 8

getting products to people

Question 9

what is the phase of consumption?

Answer 9

using the products

Question 10

exchange is central to….

Answer 10

capitalist free enterprise types of economy

Question 11

marxism emphasizes the nature of __________ and why?

Answer 11

production bc it believes that production essentially shapes tha context in which exchange occurs

Question 12

when did economics come into play? alongside what?

Answer 12

in the 1700s
along the industrial revolution

Question 13

capitalism replaced what economic system?

Answer 13

• The feudal system - where wealth was according to social status

Question 14

capitalism centers around a _________

Answer 14

free market - dependant upon supply and demand

Question 15

a free market depends on __________

Answer 15

supply and demand

Question 16

Neoclassical economics

Answer 16

• explains the workings of capitalist enterprise
• focus on distribution
• foundation of economics today

Question 17

Some anthropologists argued that taking self-interested, materialistic decision making in the capitalist market as the prototype of human rationality was _____________________

Answer 17

ethnocentric

Question 18

What were the two things that marcel Mauss contrasted?

Answer 18

Non-capitalist gift exchanges with commodity exchanges

Question 19

what are gift exchanges

Answer 19

always require a gift return
- deeply embedded in social relations

Question 20

what is the self intrest model?

Answer 20

the individual comes first
selfishness is natural
- resuourses will never be enoguht to satisfy people

Question 21

what is the social model of human nature?

Answer 21

ppl identify with groups and cant imagine deviation from that group

Question 22

what are institutions?

Answer 22

• stable and ending cultural practices that organize social life not on individuals

Question 23

what is a commodity?

Answer 23

goods exchanged for cash

Question 24

what happens in commodity exchange?

Answer 24

goods are exchanged for cash and traded for cash, and the partners have nothing to do with eachother.

Question 25

what were sahlins three modes of exchange?

Answer 25

reciprocity redistribution market exchange

Question 26

describe reciprocity

Answer 26

the exchange of goods and services of equal value - three forms

Question 27

what are the three forms of reciprocity?

Answer 27

generalized balanced negative

Question 28

what is generalized reciprocity?

Answer 28

an exchange is carried out without specification of the return

Question 29

what is balanced reciprocity?

Answer 29

a return of equal value at a specific time is expected

Question 30

negative reciprocity

Answer 30

- at least one party attempts to get something for nothing

Question 31

what is sahlins redistribution mode of exhange?

Answer 31

requires some form of centralized social organization to receive contributions from all members of the group and/or to redistribute all the contributions to provide for all group members

Question 32

what is market exchange?

Answer 32

the exchange of goods in terms of a medium of exchange and carried out by means of supply and demand - the market

Question 33

what are the three things involved in market exchange?

Answer 33

trade - the goods money - the medium the market - the supply/demand

Question 34

marx says that _________ is the driving force behind the economy and that involves ________

Answer 34

production labour

Question 35

human labour is always ________________

Answer 35

social labour

Question 36

what are wolfs modes of production

Answer 36

kin-ordered tributary capitalist

Question 37

what is kin-ordered mode?

Answer 37

social labour is deployed on the basis of kinship relations wolf

Question 38

what is tibutary mode?

Answer 38

-wolf - the primary producer gets access to means of production but must tribute in goods or labor

Question 39

what is capitalist mode?

Answer 39

-wolf - means of production are privately owned

Question 40

what are the three consumption patterns?

Answer 40

internal - ppls basic needs external - habitat cultural - culture

Question 41

The part of the discipline of anthropology that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living is known as a.cultural anthropology b.economic anthropology c.political anthropology d.institutional analysis

Answer 41

b economic anthropology

Question 42

Although our physical survival depends on our making adequate use of the resources around us, our ________ tell(s) us which resources to use and how to use them a.Environment b.Instincts c.Genes d.Culture

Answer 42

D. culture

Question 43

The traditional Western perspective of economy presumes that ________. a. economic decisions are embedded in cultural institutions b. individuals spend their resources in order to obtain the goods they want c. individuals aim to obtain as much satisfaction as possible at the largest possible cost d. individuals maximize their utility under conditions of scarcity

Answer 43

D

Question 44

The three phases of economic activity generally accepted by anthropologists are ________. a. labour, value, supply-demand market b. institutions, values, and behaviours c. means of production, relations of production, and ideology d. production, distribution, and consumption

Answer 44

D

Question 45

________ is well known for his anthropological analysis of non-capitalist gift a. Eric Wolf b. Karl Polanyi c. Marcel Mauss d. Karl Marx

Answer 45

C

Question 46

The three historical and cross-cultural modes of exchange described by Marshall Sahlins are _______. a. reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange b. free exchange, barter exchange, and currency exchange c. potlatch, matrimonial exchange, and market exchange d. gift exchange, market purchase, and labour exchange

Answer 46

A

Question 47

generalized reciprocity is when ________. a. exchange partners expect a return of equal value at some point in the future b. exchange partners expect a return of equal value within a specified time c. exchange takes place without the expectation of an immediate return and without specifying the value of the return d. at least one party attempts to get something for nothing without suffering any penalties

Answer 47

C

Question 48

The condition of having more than enough of whatever is required to satisfy consumption needs is known as affluence. True or False?

Answer 48

true

Question 49

"Women's wealth" in the Trobriand Islands refers to banana leaves. T/F

Answer 49

True