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Oral Communication > Chapter 10-14 > Flashcards

Chapter 10-14 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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0
Q

Personal inventory

A

An analysis of your own reading, viewing, and listening habits and behavior to discover topics of personal interest

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1
Q

Brainstorming

A

A creative procedure for thinking of as many topics as you can in a limited time

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2
Q

Commitment

A

A measure of how much time and effort you put into a cause; your passion and concern about the topic

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3
Q

Ways to develop topics

A

Brainstorming

Personal inventory

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4
Q

Audience analysis

A

The collection and interpretation of audience information obtained by observation, inferences, questionnaires, or interviews

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5
Q

Captive audience

A

An audience that has not chosen to hear a particular speaker or speech

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6
Q

Voluntary audience

A

A collection of people who chose to listen to a particular speaker or speech

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7
Q

Demographic analysis

A

The collection and interpretation of data about the characteristics of people

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16
Q

Attitude

A

A predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to a person, object, idea or event

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17
Q

Belief

A

A conviction; often thought to be more enduring than an attitude and less enduring than a value

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18
Q

Value

A

A deeply rooted belied that governs our attitude about something

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19
Q

First method of audience analysis

A

Observation; building information about the audience through the senses

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20
Q

Method 2 of audience analysis

A

Draw an inference based on characteristics of the audience

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21
Q

Third method of audience analysis

A

A formal data collection through a questionnaire

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22
Q

Microtargeting

A

A method of bringing national issues down to the individual level

A very specific method of audience analysis that makes it easier to pinpoint specific demographics within a large group

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23
Q

Source credibility

A

The audiences perception if your effectiveness as a speaker

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24
Q

Competence

A

The degree to which the speaker is perceived as skilled, reliable, experienced, qualified, authoritative, and informed; an aspect of credibility

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25
Q

Trustworthiness

A

The degree to which the speaker is perceived as honest, fair, sincere, honorable, friendly and kind; an aspect of credibility

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26
Q

Dynamism

A

the extent to which the speaker is perceived as bold, active, energetic, strong, empathic and assertive; an aspect of credibility

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27
Q

Common ground

A

Also known as co-orientation, the degree to which the speaker’s values, beliefs, attitudes, and interests are shared with the audience; an aspect of credibility

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28
Q

Examples

A

Specific instances used to illustrate your point. Evidence only works if audience accepts the accuracy.

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29
Q

Narratives

A

Stories to illustrate an important point. Focus more on telling a human story.

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30
Q

Surveys

A

Studies in which a limited number of questions are answered by a sample of the population to discover opinions on issues.

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31
Q

Testimonial evidence

A

Written or oral statements of others’ experienced used by a speaker to substantiate or clarify a point

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32
Lay testimony
Statements made by an ordinary person that substantiate or support what you say.
33
Expert testimony
Statements made by someone who has special knowledge or expertise about an issue or idea.
34
Celebrity testimony
Statements made by a public figure who is known to the audience.
35
Evaluation of sources
Verifiable - bibliography, references Competent - qualifications Objective - no biases Timely - relevant and/or recent
36
Statistics
Numbers that summarize numerical information or compare quantities
37
Analogy
A comparison of things in some respects, especially in position or function, that are otherwise dissimilar.
38
Explanation
A clarification of what something is or how it works
39
Definitions
Determinations of meaning through description, simplification, examples, analysis, comparison, explanation or illustration.
40
Sleeper effect
A change of audience opinion caused by the separation of the message content from its source over a period of time
41
Personal experience
Use your own life as a source of information
42
Reference librarian
A librarian specifically trained to help you find sources of information
43
Search engine
A program on the Internet that allows users to search for information
44
Bibliographic references
Complete citations that appear in the "references" or "works cited" section of your speech outline.
45
Internal references
Brief notations indicating a bibliographic reference that contains the details you are using in your speech
46
Verbal citations
Oral explanations of who the source is, how recent the information is, and what the source's qualifications are.
47
Supporting materials
Information you can use to substantiate your arguments and to clarify your position.
48
Plagiarism
The intentional use of information from another source without crediting the source
49
Incremental plagiarism
The intentional or unintentional use of information from one or more sources without divulging how much information is directly quoted
50
Two-sided argument
A source advocating one position presents an argument from the opposite viewpoint and then goes on to refute that argument
51
Function of introduction
``` Gain attention and interest Establish your qualifications Forecast development (state main points) ```
53
Sentence outline vs Key-word outline
Sentence outline is a formal document with about 1/3 of all words you're gonna say Key-word outline is the speaker notes that are abstract reminders of what to talk about
54
Organization of the Body
Time - history, processes Cause/effect - explaining Problems/solution - proposes action Topical - set of reasons, categories, types (parts of a whole, example the food pyramid)
55
Principles of an introduction
Complete sentences Margins and symbols Formal document
58
Information hunger
Developing interest and curiosity in the audience
59
Designing informative content
Use humor and watch audience response
60
How to avoid information overload
Limit main points Limit complexity Concrete support, stories
61
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation after a speech is concluded
62
four modes of delivery
extemporaneous, impromptu, manuscript, memorized
63
extemporaneous
requires much preparation and few notes
64
impromptu
requires little preparation and few notes
65
memorized
requires much preparation and no notes
66
manuscript
requires much preparation and many notes
67
aspects of vocal delivery
``` pitch rate pauses volume enunciation fluency vocal variety ```
68
anxiety reducing techniques
develop skill - learn, practice speech positive thinking - control intrapersonal visualization - mental reheasal relaxation - reduce physical response
70
Conclusion organization
Functions- brake light (transitional phrase), restate main points, final remarkab
71
Immediate behavioral purposes
The actions expected from an audience during and immediately after a presentation
72
Goals of informative speaking
To increase knowledge To learn something useful Clarify complex ideas In around interest in a subject
73
criteria for purpose
highly specific includes phrase "should be able to" uses action verb like "state, identify, report, name, list, describe, explain, show or reveal" from viewpoint of audience

Oral Communication (3 decks)

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