Chapter 10

Question 1

What are the six basic emotions?

Answer 1

happiness, fear, anger, sadness, surprise and disgust

Question 2

How to measure emotions in infants?

Answer 2

coding facial cues and analyzing the combinations

Question 3

a system for coding emotions in infants that links facial expressions and muscle movements that flies on interrupter reliability

Answer 3

AFFEX

Question 4

What is the AFFEX used for?

Answer 4

determining links between children’s expression and their emotion regulation skills

Question 5

When an infant shows a smile on the AFFEX. This emotion is developed in the first month of life.

Answer 5

happiness

Question 6

when do infants develop an emotional reaction like smiling to external stimuli?

Answer 6

between 3 to 8 weeks

Question 7

smiles directed towards people. develops at 6 or 7 weeks

Answer 7

social smiles

Question 8

When do infants start laughing

Answer 8

3 to 5 months

Question 9

When does fear develop?

Answer 9

7 months

Question 10

what is the first type of fear to develop?

Answer 10

fear of strangers

Question 11

This type of fear is cause by separation from primary care taker and develops at 8 months of age

Answer 11

separation anxiety

Question 12

When does the ability to distinguish imaginary fears and real fears develop?

Answer 12

5 or 6 years old

Question 13

A child’s response to a fustrating or threatening situation and is largely an interpersonal experience

Answer 13

anger

Question 14

Before what age are children unable to express anger as a single emotion?

Answer 14

1 year old

Question 15

How does anger change as a child gets older?

Answer 15

as children age they learn about other’s motivations and intentions, so they get angry less often

Question 16

And emotion that infants exhibit with anger and later in life, children show this emotion as intense and prolonged fear

Answer 16

sadness

Question 17

An emotional reaction to a sudden unexpected event

Answer 17

surprise

Question 18

A reaction that involves opening the mouth and sticking out the tongue because it helps humans avoid poisons or bacteria

Answer 18

disgust

Question 19

Emotions that require children to have a sense of themselves as a separate being from others

Answer 19

self-conscious emotions

Question 20

An abrupt change in children’s abilities in emotions linked to a sense of self which is an example of….

Answer 20

discontinuous growth

Question 21

Emotions that are locked behind self-consciousness

Answer 21

guilt, shame, jealousy, empathy, pride and embarrassment

Question 22

When an accident occurs, toddlers will avoid the adult in the room and delay talking about it. this is an example of what?

Answer 22

shame

Question 23

when an accident occurs, toddlers will try to fix it.this is an example of what?

Answer 23

guilt

Question 24

Culture the emphasis the welfare of the group over the individual have children that report experiencing more ____ then in the United States

Answer 24

shame or guilt

Question 25

How children are capable of determining facial expressions of others

Answer 25

habituation paradigm

Question 26

by what age are infants able to discriminate a number of additional facial expressions?

Answer 26

7 months of age

Question 27

when do children develop preferences for different facial emotions?

Answer 27

16 to 18 months

Question 28

the use of another adult's facial expression or vocal cues to decide how to deal with novel ambiguous or possibly threatening situations

Answer 28

social referencing

Question 29

When does the ability to label emotions fully emerge?

Answer 29

middle elementary school

Question 30

How does environment effect ability to identify emotions?

Answer 30

children in violent environments have more difficulties detecting sadness and an easier time detecting happiness

Question 31

individual's ability to cognitively process information about emotions

Answer 31

emotional intelligence

Question 32

A questionnaire where researchers ask children to answer questions about themselves to measure emotional intelligence

Answer 32

trait emotional intelligence questionnaire

Question 33

Positives of high emotional intelligence

Answer 33

less aggression and risk behaviours, better coping strategies and fewer mental health problems

Question 34

What does RULER stand for?

Answer 34

recognition , understanding, labeling, expression and regulation of emotions

Question 35

set of conscious and unconscious processes sued to modulate emotional experiences

Answer 35

emotional regulation

Question 36

a caregiver gives needed comfort or distraction to help the child reduce his or hers distress

Answer 36

co-regulation

Question 37

By 5 months of age children are able to do repetitive actions that regulation arousal by providing a mildly positive physical sensation

Answer 37

self-comforting

Question 38

looking away from the upsetting stimulus

Answer 38

self-distraction

Question 39

what causes a transition from co-regulation to self-regulation?

Answer 39

neurological development to the frontal lobe and parent expectations

Question 40

How do children develop self-regulation of emotions?

Answer 40

playing on their own, using language, and négociation development, regulate attention

Question 41

What are the benefits of emotional regulation?

Answer 41

decline of risk taking and the improvement of judgement

Question 42

How do older children use emotional regulation?

Answer 42

use cognitive strategies and problem solving

Question 43

a set of skills that helps individuals achieve their personal goals and maintain relationships

Answer 43

social competence

Question 44

What is the benefit of strong social competence?

Answer 44

deal with stressful situations, settle conflicts, planning, seeking social support and are well adjusted

Question 45

What is the risk of poor social competence?

Answer 45

do worse in school, unable to pay attention, avoidance of stressful situations, more likely to be bullied

Question 46

the direct and indirect influence that parents have on child's standards, values and way of thinking

Answer 46

emotion socialization

Question 47

How do parents emotion socialization?

Answer 47

parents reactions to expressions of emotion, dissections about emotions and parents emotion regulation

Question 48

How does dismissing or criticizing emotions effect the child?

Answer 48

makes them feel that their emotions are invalid and males them less socially and emotionally competent.

Question 49

Parents who are supportive to children's emotions cause...

Answer 49

children to express emotions constructively. the more a child feels like their emotions are validated, the more empathy they develop

Question 50

Tamang children are told not to show anger, but this does not affect them in the same way it would an American child. Why?

Answer 50

Because of the cultural values. It is not seen as punishing the child, but it is in American cultures

Question 51

When a parent teaches coping mechanisms

Answer 51

emotion coaching

Question 52

What is the benefit of emotion coaching?

Answer 52

children are more empathetic, less likely to exhibit depression or problem behaviours

Question 53

How does temperament change?

Answer 53

depending on the environment

Question 54

two 4 year old boys are placed in a birthday party were all the children are playing tag.What will the high activity level boy do? What will the high fearfulness boy do?

Answer 54

the high activity level boy will join in and the high fearfulness boy will watch on the perimeter

Question 55

How well a child's temperament fits with the current environment

Answer 55

goodness of fit

Question 56

How does goodness of fit issues arise?

Answer 56

Due to parenting style

Question 57

the same temperament can put some children at risk for negative outcomes when exposed to harsh home environments

Answer 57

differential susceptibility

Question 58

children who thrive in good conditions, but not in bad

Answer 58

orchids

Question 59

children who thrive in good, but are less sensitive to bad environments

Answer 59

dandelions