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Chemistry > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are vapors?

A

gaseous state of any substance that normally exists as a liquid or solid

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2
Q

What does the volume of gas=?

A

volume of tis containter

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3
Q

How are gases highly compressible?

A

pressure is applied to a gas its volume readily decreases.

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4
Q

Are solids or liquids readily compressible?

A

no

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5
Q

What kind of a mixture does gases form?

A

forming homogeneous mixtures

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6
Q

Do all gases exert pressure on any surface if they are in contact?

A

yes

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7
Q

How do the molecules of gas move?

A

chaoticllay, colliding with each other and with the walls of their container

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8
Q

How do you find the pressure of gas?

A

P=F/A

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9
Q

What does A stand for on the equation to find pressure of gas?

A

area

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10
Q

What does the F in the equation for pressure of gas stand for?

A

force

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11
Q

What energy of gas overides its gravitational force?

A

thermal energies of motion(kinetic energies)

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12
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

as the force exerted by the atmosphere on a given surface area

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13
Q

How do you find the magnitude of atmospheric pressure?

A

F=ma

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14
Q

What does a stand for in the magnitude eof atmospheric pressure equation?

A

acceleration

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15
Q

What is the equation to find gravitational force of the atmosphere?

A

F-=mg

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16
Q

What does g stand for in the graviational force equation?

A

9.8 m/s^2

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17
Q

What is the units for gravitoanl force?

A

N or 1kg-m/s^2

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18
Q

How do you go from kPa to bar?

A

100kPa= 1bar

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19
Q

How does height realte to atmospheric pressure?

A

the height will increase or decrease as atomspheric pressure increases or decreases

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20
Q

What is standard atmospheric pressure?

A

corresponds to the typical pressure at sea level 760 torr

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21
Q

What does gas volume do as pressure decreases?

A

increases

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22
Q

As altitude increases what does atmospheric pressure do?

A

decreases

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23
Q

What is boyle’s law?

A

the volume of a fixed quantiy of gas maintined at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure

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24
Q

What is boyles law equation?

A

PV=constant

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25
When the volume of gas increases what does the temperature do?
increases
26
What does charles law states?
the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintined at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute tempature
27
What is charles law equation?
V/T= constant
28
What is avogadro's hyopthesis?
equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules
29
What is avagdro's law?
the volume of a gas maintined at constant temperature and pressure is directly proptotional to the number of moles of the gas
30
What is avagdro's equation?
V/n constant
31
What is the ideal gas equation?
PV=nRT
32
What is R in the ideal gas equation?
gas contant
33
What does R equal in the ideal gas law equation?
0.08206 L-atm/Mol x K
34
What are the standard temparute and pressure?(STP)
T=0˚c and P=1atm and V=22.41L
35
What is the equation to find pressure when n and t is a constant
P1V1=P2V2
36
What is the combined gas law equation?
P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2
37
What is the equation to find density?
d=PM(molar mass)/RT
38
What happens to the density as molar mass increases?
density increases
39
What happens to the denisty of the gas as temperature increases?
decreases become less dense
40
How can you determine the molar mass of gas with density?
M(molar mass)= dRT/P
41
What is partial pressure?
the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture?
42
What dalton's law of partial pressure?
A law stating that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone
43
How do you find the total pressure of a mixture of gases?
Pt=P1 + P2 + P3+....
44
How do you calculate the partial pressure of a gas when given the P and the mol precnet?
divide the mole percent by 100 and then times it by the pressure
45
What is the kinetic molecular theory of gases?
a set of assumptions about the nature of gases
46
What do large number of molecules in gas do?
are in continous random motion
47
What is negligible molecular volume?
the combined volume of all the molecules of the gas is negligible relative to the toal volume in which teh gas is contained
48
What negligible forces?
attractive and repulsive forces between gas molecules
49
What does average kinetic energy do as temperature remains constant?
doesnt change with time
50
What is the average kinetic energy of the molecules proportional to?
the absolute temperature
51
What determines the magnitude of pressure?
how often and how forcefully the molecules strike the walls
52
When two gases are at the same tempertature what is the average kinetic temperature?
the same
53
What does molecular motion do as temerpature increases?
increases
54
What does the range of molecular speed do as temeprature increases?
increases
55
When there is an increase in volume at constant temperature and the pressure decreases what happens to teh average kinetic energy?
is unchanged
56
When there is an increase in volume at constant temperature and the pressure decreases, What happens to the distance between molecules?
move a longer distance between collisions
57
AS temperature icnreases at constant volume casues pressure to increase, What happens to the average kinetic energy?
increase in average kinetic energy
57
When there is an increase in volume at constant temperature and the pressure decreases. What happens to the amount of collisions?
fewer wall collisions
58
ASs temperature icnreases at constant volume casues pressure to increase, What happens to the number of collisions?
more collisions with walls
59
ASs temperature icnreases at constant volume casues pressure to increase, What happens to the momentum?
it increases causing more forceful collisions
60
How do you find rms speed?
√3RT/M(molar mass)
61
What does the rms speed do as molar mass decreases?
increases
62
How do you find probable speed of a gas?
√2RT/M(molar mass)
63
How do you find the average speed of a gas?
√8RT/πM(molar mass)
64
What will speed do as temperature increases?
increase
65
What is effusion?
the escape of a gas through an orfice or a hole
66
What is diffusion
the spreading of one substance throughput a space or throughout a second substance
67
What units does molar mass have to find the speed of gases?
kg/mol
68
What does R equal in the speed equations?
8.314 J/mol-k or kg-m^2/s^2-mol-k
69
What is the effusion rate inversely proportional to?
the square root of its molar mass
70
How do you find effusion rate?
√M2/M1(molar mass)
71
If a gas is lighter does it have a high or low effusion rate?
high
72
What is effusion rate directly proportional to?
the rms speed of molecules
73
What is another equation to find effusion rate?
rms1/rms 2 or √3RT/M1/ RT/M2
74
How do you use the ideal gas law to solve for n(moles)
PV/RT=n
75
What does temerpature cause ideal behavior to do?
the deviation from ideal behavior increases
76
What is the van der waals equation?
(P + n^2/a/V^2)(V-nb)=nRt
77
Why is there a pressure adjustment for the nonideal behavior?
molecules attract and repel each other
78
Why is there a volume adjustment for the nonideal behavior?
molecules occupy some space on their own
79
When using the rms speed equation what is the molar mass units?
kg/mol
80
When using the rms speed equation what does the R constant equal?
8.314
81
In the rms speed equation what does the Tempature units have to be?
Kelvins
82
How to find the rate of effusion?
Divide the molar masses and then take the square root √M2/M1
83
Which of the following will lead to an increase in the mean free path of gas molecules in a closed container?
Increase V without changing T Open valve to release half the molecules without changing T or V .
84
Is ionic compounds boiling points alwyas smaller or bigger?
bigger
85
What is the first step in determing which boiling point is smaller or larger?
seeing if they are polar or not
86
If a molecule is polar and the other molecule is nonpolar who has the bigger boiling point?
polar molecule
87
What is the second step in determing which boling points is smaller or larger?
By the molecular weight if both are nonpolar which ever molecule has a larger weight
88
What is the third step in determing which boiling point is smaller or larger? If they are both polar
if they are both polar looking at the other intermolecular forces
89
If one molecule can do hydrogen bonding and is polar and another molecule is polar but can't do hydrogen bonding which molecule has the largerst boiling point?
the molecule that can do hydrogen bonding

Chemistry (13 decks)

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