CHAPTER 10 Flashcards
What is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United-States?
A Cerebrovascular accident (CVA). also called a stroke
What is the most common symptom for a stroke?
Paralysis or partial weakness on the opposite side of the involved part of the brain. (Hemiparesis)
What is the definition of a Traumatic Brain Injury? (TBI)
An alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology caused by an external force.
What is the difference between a Focal injury and a Diffuse axonal injury?
A focal injury develops as a person’s head hits a stationary object, while a diffuse axonal injury is the widespread breakage of the long-term nerve axons in the brain generally caused by rapid acceleration and deceleration at the same time.
What is the difference between tetraplegia and paraplegia?
Tetraplegia: trunk and all four limbs
Paraplegia: lower trunk and legs
What is BPPV?
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Involved calcium crystals falling into semicircular canals.
What causes parkinsons?
Deficiency of dopamine normally produced in the substantia nigra of the brain
What are three symptoms of parkinsons?
-Tremors at rest (“pill rolling”)
-Rigidity (resistance to passive limb movement)
-Bradykinesia (slow movements)
What is GBS and what does it do?
Guillan-Barre syndrome is an inflammatory process affecting peripheral motor and sensory nerves, often follows a viral infection. Generally after up to a year patients are able to walk again.
What is ALS?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrigs disease is a disease that causes the rapid degeneration of motor nerve cells. Survival time is generally 3 to 5 years.
What is a Berg-Balancing scale
Static and Dynamic sitting and standing balance.
What is receptive aphasia?
A patient exhibiting an inhibited ability to understand verbal or written communication.
What is Muscle Tone?
An inherrent resistance in the muscles to passive stretching
What are hypo and hypertonia?
Hypotonia- Too little muscle tone
Hypertonia- Too much muscle tone
What is unilateral spacial neglect?
Inability to integrate sensory information from one side of the body
What are recovery-based interventions?
Promote patients ability to perform tasks at level of premorbid performance
What are compensatory interventions?
Promote successful task completion using movement
strategies or equipment that substitutes for weakness
or other impairments
What is motor control?
Addresses how movement is organized and coordinated
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain and spinal cords ability to adapt and remodel themselves as they learn new behaviors and skills.
What are some examples of principles that drive neuroplastic changes
-repetition
-training intensity
-specificity of action
-goal directed movement
What are the stages of motor learning?
Cognitive stage- learn what to do
Associative Stage- refine the movement
Autonomous Stage- develop the skill
What is MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
A neurodegenerative disease cause by abnormal immune mediated process. Attacking the Myelin Sheath
What are recovery-based interventions?
promote patient’s ability to perform as h/s did before disease/impairment
What are Compensatory interventions?
Promote patient’s usage of strategies or tools to circumvent mobility issues
