Chapter 10 Flashcards
Radical behaviorism. Includes external variables only.
Skinner’s behaviorism
Selection of behavior through its consequences Ex. bar pressing in rats reinforced by food, smiling in a child reinforced by parental approval.
Operant Conditioning
The way in which learning is measured by changes (increases/decreases
Rate of Responding
Adding something
Positive (+)
Taking away something
Negative
Anything that increases likelihood of doing action again.
Reinforcer
anything that decreases likelihood of doing something again.
Punisher
Pleasant reward ex bowl of ice cream for cleaning room
Positive Reinforcer
Unpleasant reward ex. spankings, extra chores, yelling
Positive Punisher
Ex. Seat belt lights, nagging
negative reinforcers
Ex. Taking away something pleasant
Negative Punisher
the rate of responding before reinforcement
Base rate
innate reinforcers. Not learned ex food
primary reinforcers
Reinforcers that only become effective after their value is learned. ex. money, praise
Secondary reinforcers
Slowly reinforcing behaviors to get subject to arrive at desired goal. ex. putting shoes away in closet
Shaping
learning to respond differentially depending on environmental stimuli ex. dog getting excited with starting of only owner’s car
Discrimination learning
responding to stimuli that were not present during learning as through they were the discriminative stimuli present during learning ex. dog barking with sound of any starting car
Generalization
reinforcement schedule win which every response is reinforced. learning and extinction are rapid.. ex. putting money in a soda machine gives a soda
Continuous reinforcement Schedule (CR)
reinforcement schedule in which only some responses are reinforced. Learning slower, extinction is slow. ex, fisherman, gambling
Partial reinforcement schedules
Reinforcement of behavior is systematically applied in a group setting through use of tokens which can later be exchanged for rewards or privileges. ex, red and white poker chips.
Token economies
Staats’ take on behaviorism. includes traditional personality concerns (emotion, testing) as well as behavior.
Psychological behaviorism
environment in which no reinforcements are given in an effort to extinguish unwanted behavior
Tine Out Procedure
Habits or ways of behaving due to rewards and punishments that increase or decrease likelihood of engaging in certain behaviors.
Basic Behavioral repertoires (BBRs)
The stronger the emotion, the stronger the tendency to approach or to avoid.
Emotional-motivational repertoire
