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CHEM EXAM #4 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

Notability

1
Q

Electricity is the flow of

A

Electrons

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2
Q

What is changing in electricity?

A

It is the change in potential energy caused by the movement of electrons from area of high concentration to low

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3
Q

What is a Volt?

A

The electrical potential energy unit; represents electrical pressure or the gradient of charges that could potentially flow

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4
Q

What is an electric current?

A

The rate of flow of an electric charge through a conductor

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5
Q

Current is measured in

A

Amperes

1amp= 1 Coulomb per second of flow

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6
Q

Electricity will flow until

A

There is an equal flow between the positive & negative side of a battery

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7
Q

Positive charges are attracted to

A

Negative charges

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8
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Electric Charge?

A

The total amount of electric charge in the universe is constant

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9
Q

Charge is neither

A

Created not destroyed; its just simply transferred from one object to another

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10
Q

What charge do Electrons have?

A

Negative

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11
Q

Which charge are the ones that move?

A

Electrons (negative charge)

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12
Q

Protons have what type of charge?

A

Positive

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13
Q

What needs to happen for an atom to be neutral?

A

The protons need to equal the number of electrons

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14
Q

What charge do Neutrons have?

A

No charge

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15
Q

One electron has a charge of

A

-1.602 x 10 power -19 C

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16
Q

The symbol “e” in the Coulomb’s law represents

A

The magnitude

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17
Q

What is Coulomb’s Law?

A

The measurement of attraction or repulsion between 2 charges

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18
Q

The magnitude of the electrostatic force is

A

Proportional tot he magnitude of the charges & inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges

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19
Q

Electric fields are used to

A

Explain the behavior of the electrostatic force between charged entities

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20
Q

Electrostatic forces will

A

Push or pull on objects without touching them

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21
Q

What is created around a charged particle that attracts or repels other charges particles?

A

A force field

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22
Q

When a charge at rest is free to move & brought close to an electrical field, it will aquire

A

Kinetic energy or the energy of movement

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23
Q

The kinetic energy of movement comes from the

A

Electrical potential energy which is represented by “U”

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24
Q

When there is an electrical field, the electrical potential is the

A

Amount of energy needed to move a charge against that electrical field

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25
What is electrical potential?
Areas of high & low potential in an electrical field
26
Electrical conductor are
Materials in which charges can easily move
27
In insulators, charges can
NOT freely move
28
What are decent electrical conductors?
Metals & they are made of atoms that do not hold on to their electrons tightly; outer shells are mostly empty
29
Insulators resist the
Flow of electrons, so they do not allow electric current to pass through them
30
Resistance is a measure of the
Opposition of current flow in an electrical circuit; it counteracts the flow of current
31
What causes the restriction of flow of electrons?
Electrons colliding with atoms & molecules of the conductor
32
Resistance depends on the
Composition of the material & it is directly proportional to the length
33
Resistance is inversely proportional to
The cross-sectional area of the diameter
34
Resistance is measured in
Ohm's
35
Ohm's measures
Resistance to electrical flow
36
What is Ohm's equation?
E (or V)=IR E=volts or potential energy I= current R= resistance
37
In AC circuits, resistance is called
Impedance & is a total of all forces that impede electrical flow
38
Voltage (V) is the relationship between the
Potential difference of the pressure from electrical circuits power source that pushes electrons through a conducting loop
39
What is the flow direction in a battery?
Negative electrons flow through the wire to the positive end
40
In the Ohm's equation, "I" is the
Current or rate at which electron charges flow past a point in the circuit
41
The unit of current is the
Ampere/Amp
42
Ohm's law describes the
Movement of charge or flow of electrons
43
Resistance/Ohm's=
Voltage/Amps or the charge difference from one side of the circuit to the other side OVER the flow rate of electrons
44
Voltage increased without a change in resistance will
Increase current/amps
45
Electrons flow from a
Surplus of electrons to a deficiency of electrons
46
Electricity must have a
Complete circuit for electrical flow to occur
47
In a simple circuit, the positive side is______ & the negative side is ______
Positive: Live; Hot Negative: Neutral; Ground
48
The ground provides a
Low resistance alternative route for electricity to flow in case of electrical surge
49
Flow of electrons goes from the
Negative to positive side
50
What are the 2 types of circuits?
Direct & Alternating currents
51
Direct currents are caused by
Batteries
52
Alternating currents are
What is used in your home
53
One path that can be taken is a
Series Circuit
54
When batteries are in series, their voltages are
Added together (resistors in a series behave in the same manner as batteries- the overall resistance is the sum of the individual resistances)
55
When resistors are connected in parallel, electrons have
More than 1 path to take
56
Resistors in parallel are added
inversely, therefore the overall resistance of a parallel circuit is less than if there was a single resistor in that circuit
57
All circuits have _____ & therefore work must be done to _________
Resistances; move charges through the circuit Power is consumed
58
Power is the rate at which
Energy is consumed
59
Power is measured in
Watts
60
Electrical energy represents the
Amount of work done to push electricity or flow through a circuit
61
Energy is the amount of
Work done
62
Power is
How fast can you get work done
63
Energy equation
Energy= Power x Time
64
What are semi conductors?
Materials with conducting properties somewhere between those of insulators & conductors (Silicon)
65
What can be used to control conductivity of semimetals?
Small amounts of impurities called "doping agents"
66
P-type semiconductors are composed of
Silicon & doped with some thing like boron
67
N-type semiconductors are composed of
Silicon & doped with something like arsenic
68
N-type semiconductors have a ____charge & P-type have a ______charge
Negative; Positive
69
Bringing N-type & P-type semiconductors together created a
Diode
70
What is a Diode?
A one-way gate for electrons; there is a neutral zone where electrons migrate Areas called poles, which are places in the crystalline lattice where there are no electrons present
71
What happens when you apply power to diodes?
Electrons will move across the depletion zone, & holes are moved in the other direction, causing photons to be released as a result of the moving electrons
72
What are Photons?
Energy released in the form of light
73
Spectroscopy is used to
Analyze lab samples & pulse oximetry Substance must interact with light
74
What gives a material its color?
When a white light passes through a colored substance, certain wavelengths are absorbed, while the rest of the light is transmitted or reflected
75
A substance absorbs its
Complementary color
76
The amount of light passing through a sample is called the
Percent transmittance
77
The amount of light absorbed is called
Absorbance
78
Oxygenated HGB is how many nm?
940nm
79
Deoxygenated HGB is how many nm?
660nm
80
Pulse oximeters measure the
Amount of absorption of these 2 specific wavelength many times/second & display a percentage measurement of saturated HGB (oxygenated vs deoxygenated)
81
The Beer-Lambert describes
The 3 factors that affect how much light is absorbed by a sample
82
The Beer-Lambert Law states that the luminescence of the light on the surface is
Proportional to the inverse square of the distance it travels from its source
83
The intensity of the light will
Decrease as it travels through the medium
84
Absorbance is proportional to the
Path length through the sample & the concentration of the absorbing species
85
By measuring the absorbance of a solution, you can tell the
Concentration of different substances within that solution
86
Piezoelectric gas analysis incorporates both the
Piezoelectric effect & Henry's Law to determine the concentration of gases
87
Piezoelectric gas analysis can determine
Gas concentration, but NOT the specific agent
88
Red will absorb... Yellow will absorb...
Green Purple
89
Fluorescence is caused by
Molecules emitting photons in response to being energized
90
The change in Fluorescence is proportional to the
Concentration of carbon dioxide
91
Electric shock can occur from
Direct contact Magnetic field Stray capacitance
92
Electrocute means to
Kill with electricity
93
Shock means the
Sensation & muscular spasm caused by an electric current passing through the body
94
Microshock is
When a relatively minor current is delivered directly to the heart; when an external, low resistance pathway is in contact with the heart
95
What is Macroshock?
Large amount of current flows through an individual
96
Ralph Nader
Claimed 12,000 people/year were being electrocuted in hospitals; this is what birthed the field biomedical equipment technician
97
Polarized plugs have
1wide & 1 narrow prong Narrow is hot Wide is neutral
98
In a 3 prong, the third prong is the
Ground
99
A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is used near
Water
100
A line isolation monitor measures the
Ground impedance
101
Impedance equated to
Resistance; high impedance means slow current flow
102
Is a grounding pad needed with Bipolar units?
No
103
What does LASER stand for?
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
104
Lasers are a potential
Ignition source especially when oxygen is present

CHEM EXAM #4 (5 decks)

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