Chapter 10

Question 1

Define Chargaff’s rules

Answer 1

A=T, G=C

Question 2

Section 10.3
2. Define nucleotide and know the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide

Answer 2

The monomer of DNA- Sugar (Ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate, base

Question 3

3. Be able to draw a pentose sugar and differentiate between ribose and deoxyribose

Answer 3

Deoxyribose is missing an OH (Just has an H)

Question 4

4. Be able to draw a phosphate group (Where is it bound? What does it do)

Answer 4

• Know that it is bound to the 5’ carbon of the sugar in a nucleotide
• Know that it gives DNA its negative charge

Question 5

5. Know the 2 groups of nitrogenous bases (purines & pyrimidines) and which bases are in each group

Answer 5

Purines- A/G
Pyrimidines- T/C/U

Question 6

6. Be able to draw the nucleotide structure—you can just write “base” where it is attached to the sugar,
   rather than drawing the chemical structure of the base. see below for how you would draw a DNA
   nucleotide:

Answer 6

Alternating sugar phosphate backbone, with bases attached to carbon on the sugar

Question 7

7. Know how to name nucleotides

Answer 7

A- NH2, 2 rings
U-O, 1 ring
T- O, ch3, 1 ring
G- O, 2HN, 1 ring
C- NH2, 1 ring

Question 8

8. Describe the structure of DNA
   * ___ polynucleotide strands twisted together (double helix)
   * sugar-phosphates on ___________ (phosphodiester bonds)
   * bases on ___________ of helix
   o bases are ___________ and joined by ___________
   o ___ bonds between A and T
   o ___ bonds between G and C
   * strands antiparallel

Answer 8

2, outside, inside, complementary, H bonds, 2, 3, antiparalell

Question 9

9. Describe the structure of RNA (Strands? Bases? Sugar?)
   *

Answer 9

single stranded
* bases = G, C, A, U (you do not have to draw the structure of the bases)
* sugar = ribose