Chapter 11 Flashcards
Describe a bacterial chromosome
Single circular molecule
- Define the following terms: chromatin
Chromatin- DNA packed together by proteins
- Differentiate between euchromatin and heterochromatin
Eu- Loosely packed, inner body of nucleus, lots of genes
Hetero-Tightly packed, outer nucleus, harder to transcribe
- Define histone proteins and know the 5 different types of histone proteins
Proteins that wrap around DNA to help conpress it. H1, H2A/B, H3, H4
- Understand why it is important for histone proteins to have a positive charge
So DNA can bind to them
- Describe the makeup of the nucleosome with respect to the histone proteins and the DNA
8 histones with DNA wrapped around them- 2 of each (excluding H1). Fna wraps around octamer core twice, H1 holds DNA in place
- Explain how DNA gets packaged after being wrapped around histones
after the DNA is wrapped around histones, it will begin to fold and coil further and
further for it to be packaged in its most condensed state
- Differentiate between the 3 classes of eukaryotic DNA sequences
- Unique-sequence DNA- Present once or very few times
- Moderately repetitive DNA- Tandem/interspersed repeats
- Highly repetitive DNA- Occur many times in a genome, short sequences. Not coding DNA
- Understand how mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA are inherited differently than nuclear DNA
Exclusively from mom
- Understand the endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondrial and chloroplasts were originally free living organisms that were absorbed into cells
- Provide some evidence of the endosymbiotic theory
- mitochondria and chloroplasts possess ribosomes, similar to
bacterial ribosomes - antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria but do not affect protein synthesis in eukaryotic
cells also inhibit protein synthesis in the mitochondria and chloroplast
- Describe replicative segregation
Genetic material distributed into daughter cells, possibly leading to gen. variation if copies aren’t identical
