Chapter 10

Question 1

EXPLAIN

What is the Psychometric Approach?

Answer 1

a method of measuring human traits and abilities through psychological tests and questionnaires

Question 2

LIST

What are the 2 categories of structures of intelligence?

Answer 2

• Singular-component theory of intelligence
• Multicomponent theories of intelligence

Question 3

EXPLAIN

What is the Binet-Simon Test?

Answer 3

A test to determine a person’s mental age in terms of intelligence

Question 4

LIST

What are the 2 factor analysis approaches discussed in class?

(Abilities)

Answer 4

1. Spearman (g and s factors)
2. Thurstone (7 distinct mental abilities)

Question 5

EXPLAIN

What does Spearman’s theory of intelligence involve?

Answer 5

Spearman believed that there were 2 types of intelligence: a general mental factor (g) and special abilities (s)

Question 6

EXPLAIN

What does Thurstone’s theory of intelligence involve?

Answer 6

Thurstone believed that there were 7 distinct categories of mental abilities people can have, having different levels of skills in each

Question 7

LIST

What are the 7 distinct mental abilities that Thurstone discussed in his theory of intelligence?

Answer 7

1. Verbal comprehension
2. Word fluency
3. Numerical ability
4. Spatial visualization
5. Associative memory
6. Perceptual speed
7. Reasoning

Question 8

EXPLAIN

What is the structure-of-intellect model?

Answer 8

A model of understanding intelligence by organizing it along 3 different dmensions

Question 9

WHO, WHY, WHERE?

Who came up with the structure-of-intellect model?

Answer 9

Guilford

Question 10

LIST

What are the 3 dimensions of intelligence in the structure of intellect model?

Answer 10

1. Operations (Mental processes)
2. Content (information types)
3. Products (outputs using knowledge)

Question 11

DEFINE

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 11

The ability to think abstractly in problem solving

Question 12

DEFINE

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 12

Intelligence based on accumulated knowledge and experiences

Question 13

WHO, WHY, WHERE?

Who coined the terms fluid and crystallized intelligence?

Answer 13

Cattell and Horn

Question 14

EXPLAIN

What is the three-stratum theory of intelligence?

Answer 14

a model of understanding intelligence that sorts cognitive abilities into 3 seperate stages, or ‘strata’s of intelligence

Question 15

EXPLAIN

What is the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Answer 15

a theory that sorts intelligence into 3 distinct types of intelligence

Question 16

WHO, WHY, WHERE?

who came up with the Three-stratum Theory of Intelligence?

Answer 16

John Carroll

Question 17

LIST

What are the 3 strata in the three-stratum theory of intelligence?

Answer 17

1. Stratum I: Narrow abilities
2. Stratum II: Broad abilities
3. Stratum III: General abilities

Question 18

EXPLAIN

What is the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Answer 18

a theory that sorts intelligence into 3 distinct types of intelligence

Question 19

WHO, WHY, WHERE?

Who came up with the triarchic theory?

Answer 19

Sternburg

Question 20

LIST

What are the 3 distinct types of intelligence in the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Answer 20

1. Experimental
2. Information-processing
3. Contextual

Question 21

EXPLAIN

What is the theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer 21

A theory that proposes the existance of 9 independant types of intelligence

Question 22

WHO, WHY, WHERE?

Who came up with the theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer 22

Gardner

Question 23

LIST

What are the 9 types of intelligence that is proposed in the theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer 23

1. Linguistic
2. Spatial
3. Logical-Mathematical
4. Musical
5. Body-Kinesthetic
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalistic
9. Existential

Question 24

EXPLAIN

How was IQ originally determined using the Standford-Binet Intelligence scale?

Answer 24

IQ = (Mental age / Chronological age) x 100

Question 25

# EXPLAIN How are IQ tests performed now?

Answer 25

Using test norms and deviation IQ

Question 26

# EXPLAIN What is the Wechsler Scale?

Answer 26

a series of IQ tests that measure a person's intellectual ability

Question 27

# EXPLAIN What is the Kaufman Assessment Battery for children?

Answer 27

An intelligence test that is based on information-processing theory

Question 28

# EXPLAIN What is the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

Answer 28

A test that is designed to assess the intelligence of infants 2 to 30 months, using motor, mental and behavioural aspects | Uses Developmental Quotient

Question 29

# EXPLAIN What is the cummulative deficit hypothesis?

Answer 29

The idea that children from deprived backgrounds experience a cumulative decline in their development and achievement across their lifespan

Question 30

# LIST What are the 3 criterias for an intellectual disability?

Answer 30

1. deficits in intellectual functioning 2. Deficits in adaptive functioning 3. Onset during the developmental period

Question 31

# EXPLAIN What is the flynn effect?

Answer 31

a generational phenomenon in which average IQ scores have been found to increase across time in developed countries at a consistent rate of approximately 0.33 points per year

Question 32

# EXPLAIN What is the HOME inventory?

Answer 32

A measurement of intellectual stimulation occuring in the home

Question 33

# DEFINE Stereotype Threat

Answer 33

the anxiousness a person feels when they are in a situation where they could confirm a negative stereotype about their group, potentially leading to underperformance or behaviors that reinforce the stereotype